Lobby free essay sample

The thought behind this undertaking is to plan an entryway of a five star lodging of 200 rooms and in this way we chose to make a virtual inn. Great arranging and coordination was significant for the work to figure it out. It required some investment to plan our hall and for that we needed to do a great deal of exploration work so as to have the vital data to make a decent entryway. 1. The goals of the engineer 1-To group the open offices eateries, lounges, meeting rooms, front work area, etc around the anteroom, guaranteeing lodging visitors can locate the different offices with a base trouble. 2-Also when visitors wait in it, the hall in it, the anteroom fills in as a casual social affair space. It additionally works as a control point with the staff outwardly over observing access all through the structure. 3-Provide make way to front work area, food and drink, reservation, open connection official through the entryway. We will compose a custom article test on Entryway or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 4-Make the front work area noticeable to entering visitors. It ought to have adequate space for look at in/check lines and have direct access to the front office. [pic] 2. 0 Profile of our inn Le Royal Hotel is determined to a heavenly area, tucked between Le Morne Mountain and one of Mauritius’ most wonderful sea shores. It extends itself on the breathtaking Le Morne Peninsula, on the South-West tip of the island. This lavish lodging covers a noteworthy 150-hectare, flanked by 7 km of ensured sea shores and the biggest tidal pond of Mauritius. With a name that says everything, Le Royal Hotel positions itself as a definitive 5-star resort in Mauritius. It offers 2 Spas and an aggregate of 7 brilliant eateries, with various cooking styles and attributes. The inn likewise brags a slick assortment top notch convenience, including Junior and Senior Suites and 13 extravagance shoreline Villas highlighting their private sea shores. Le Royal Hotel likewise proposes a far reaching exhibit of land and water sports including plunging and remote ocean angling. [pic] 3. 0 What is a hall? Each inn, paying little heed to its size, must have an open anteroom. The size of the entryway is generally dictated by the quantity of visitor rooms just as by the kind of lodging that is on the architect’s planning phases. It's implied that the bigger the lodging, the bigger the hall. The entryway will likewise must be bigger in a retreat or helpful lodging. A retreat lodging will require an enormous hall since visitors will gather there at night. An inn taking into account shows needs a huge hall in light of the fact that here again there is a steady assembling of conventioneers before they head out to addresses, workshops, gatherings, lunch meetings, and meals. There is no general guideline to decide the size of a hall. One must continue by making a cautious investigation of comparative kinds of inns and show up at choices after conversations with inn administrators and directors. An inn entryway sets the disposition for an inn. This space, more than some other, will make the first and typically the most enduring impression. Goods, shading, completing materials, lighting, and stylistic theme must make the correct climate whether or not the lodging is huge or little, in a city or a retreat, reasonably valued or costly. The inside creator has a most fundamental influence in arranging and structuring inn entryways. [pic] 4. 0 Plan of the anteroom [pic] 5. 0 The practical zones of the entryway; 5. 1 Cyber Cafe There would be a digital bistro situated close to the fundamental café. The visitors will approach the PCs and Internet get to is likewise accessible. The room is additionally formed with a fax a telecopy administration that can help the visitors every once in a while. [pic] 5. 2 Luggage Room It is the place we put the cases and the things of the visitors after their appearance to the inn. The things will be put there and soon after that the visitors have finished the customs it will be out to the individual guests’ rooms. The baggage compartment isn't so huge; it consumes a little space in particular. [pic] 5. 3 Lounge It is the sitting territory. The parlor is close to the front office and face to the fundamental passageway. It is separated into two areas where the visitors and representatives can offer types of assistance to the last more without any problem. The parlor is additionally made with certain plants just to give a feeling of unwinding in the lodging. [pic] 5. 4 The back workplaces The back workplaces are basically made out of the Sales Marketing office, the Reservation office division, Administration office and the Front office. Every one of these divisions are situated at the rear of the Front Office found in the entryway. There will be a passage with the entryway for staff entrance near the Front Office work area. The visitors won’t approach the rear of the house region of the lodging. [pic] 5. 5 Main Entrance The primary passage of the anteroom will have a width of roughly 5-6 meters where it will make course much increasingly agreeable. The primary passageway has additionally been incorporated by taking with thought incapacitate people; a unique floor is made accessible to those individuals. [pic] 5. 6 Administration Office Administration is a lot of everyday exercises identified with budgetary arranging, charging and recordkeeping, work force, and physical circulation and coordinations, inside a business. Regulatory capacities Directors, extensively, take part in a typical arrangement of capacities to meet the associations objectives. †¢ Planning is choosing ahead of time what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who ought to do it. It maps the way from where the association is to where it needs to be. The arranging capacity includes setting up objectives and masterminding them in sensible request. Executives participate in both short-go and long-run arranging. †¢ Organizing includes distinguishing obligations to be performed, gathering duties into offices or divisions, and indicating authoritative connections. The reason for existing is to accomplish composed exertion among all the components in the association. Sorting out must consider assignment of power and duty and range of control inside administrative units. †¢ Staffing implies filling work positions with the ideal individuals at the correct time. It includes deciding staffing needs, composing sets of responsibilities, selecting and screening individuals to fill the positions. †¢ Directing is driving individuals in a way that accomplishes the objectives of the association. This includes legitimate portion of assets and offering a successful help framework. Coordinating requires uncommon relational aptitudes and the capacity to propel individuals. One of the essential issues in coordinating is to locate the right harmony between accentuation on staff needs and accentuation on creation. †¢ Controlling is the capacity that assesses quality in all zones and distinguishes potential or genuine deviations from the associations plan. This capacities reason for existing is to guarantee great execution and good outcomes while keeping up an organized and issue free condition. Controlling incorporates data the board, estimation of execution, and establishment of remedial activities. Planning, excluded from the rundown above, consolidates the greater part of the managerial capacities, starting with the usage of a spending plan through the use of spending controls. 5. 7 Lifts are costly. They ought to be more extensive than they are profound to encourage passage. Intense surfaces are required to oppose harm by stuff. The principle lift bank mus t be obvious on entering the meeting room. Expert plan of the lift framework might be important. Extra help lifts may likewise be required for housekeeping and room administration. There are frequently a couple of administration lifts to each three guests’ lifts, and these open onto administration halls on each floor. At any rate one lift ought to be sufficiently huge to take furniture, for example, bed or shower, or a cot case as mishaps and ailment happen in inns, and it might be ideal not to utilize the open zones in such occasion. [pic] 5. 8 Stairs Staircase configuration is directed by emergency exit prerequisites. The fundamental steps ought to be adjacent to the lift bank to empower visitors to discover them effectively, with auxiliary steps toward the finish of every hall. A few slopes might be required for visitors utilizing wheelchairs. [pic] 5. 9 Concierge The attendant counter is situated at the privilege of the passageway. The counter is typically involved by one individual; in this way there is no requirement for a huge work area. The attendant counter has drawers for keys, message pointer boards, and the wake up framework, leaflet holders, and the writing material cabinet. An attendant is someone who works at the attendant counter and all the time has incredible contacts and can get things going that the visitor probably won't have the option to do. For instance, if the visitor needs theater tickets, or if the visitor needs a booking at a select café, regularly a lodging attendant can utilize their contacts and cause those things to occur. They can likewise do some genuinely normal things as well, for instance, helping the visitor print out a ticket or helping the visitor with flight game plans, yet theyre incredible at doing things that simply appear to be unimaginable. More or less, the attendant is there to fulfill the requirements of the visitor. [pic] 5. 10 The open connection counter The open connection counter is situated at the left of the passage. This empowers the visitor connection officials to rapidly arrive at the visitors as they enter the hall and this encourages crafted by both the open connection officials and the visitors. The open connection counter is improved with lightings and plants. This counter has been set up so as the inquiries of the visitors can be fulfilled. The open connection official can be approached to compose a wedding, along these lines he needs to make reasonable courses of action concerning the wedding and if extra prerequisite is required. [pic] 5. 11 Reception zones sh

Ebonics and Education Essay Example for Free

Ebonics and Education Essay A Persuasive Research Paper on the Why Education Should Pave Way for Ebonics All an individual needs to do is turn on the TV or peruse the Internet to see the verification that there are significant changes in the general public. Among those progressions is the manner by which the utilization of language expanded and how its structures have extraordinarily developed. With much slang, tongues and language change and blends, the quantity of dialects everywhere throughout the world and not simply in the United States, have altogether become bigger and greater. Be that as it may, the subject of whether this ceaseless unique improve in dialects is not yet clear. This is on the grounds that, however dialects have changed and developed, issues brought about by miscommunication and false impressions are as yet widespread and present. Despite the fact that language and every one of its mixes with different dialects planned to overcome any barrier among countries and societies, various individuals with various sources and discourse are as yet incapable to overcome that issue. There are as yet numerous issues concerning the springing up and utilization of new dialects. Generally basic among those is the issue that dialects which are consolidated or which experience an etymological mix will in general be problematic of formal, right and syntactic language. A basic model would be those music recordings which highlight craftsmen that join and agreement structure of words to make the melody progressively amiable or significantly more sensitive to the musicality of the tune. Nonetheless, this has an adverse impact as individuals, most particularly youthful grown-ups and kids, become acquainted with such language use to the point that they start to copy them. Such discussion has for some time been the theme in instructive loads up and organizations of whether they should address and put stop to such language use or empower such trade of words since unmistakably, the youthful are influenced. Actually, Ebonics or Black English or African American English has become such a warmed theme when it was very clear that there is an issue among the scholastics of African American understudies since they have such low evaluations and low execution levels that could be ascribed to the utilization of Ebonics. Numerous individuals disagreed with and for the consolation of Ebonics. Study after examination resulted to demonstrate that Ebonics was a significant and indispensable piece of the numerous understudies and understudies since that is the language they really use while others likewise disheartened its use. Through this paper, it tends to be contended that Ebonics is certainly not a unimportant slang which African American understudies can manage without and that it isn't something which ought to be adjusted in light of the fact that it is viewed as ungrammatical. Rather, what the instructive sheets and establishments ought to do is take into account their students and use Ebonics to actualize information move among their understudies and understudies and in the end cause them to learn and utilize Standard English. Ebonics is officially known as African American English or AAE as per the Center for Applied Linguistics (n. p. ). It is a sort of sociolect or social lingo where it is regularly utilized by individuals who are of African American inceptions specifically environmental factors or circumstances. The distinction of Ebonics with American English is its structure wherein African lingos and sounds are joined, mixed, blended in with American English. American English is likewise some of the time contracted with African tongues or sounds to be embedded inside the compressions. Such model is introduced by John R. Rickford in his conversation of Ebonics as introduced in the Website of the Stanford University. In the model, Rickford utilizes a basic sentence which is linguistically right: â€Å"I inquired as to whether he could go† (n. p. ). He at that point passes on the guide to an understudy known to utilize Ebonics and the understudy gives his own rendition of the sentence: â€Å"I as Alvin could hecould he go† (Rickford, n. p. ). Ebonics isn't the unimportant change of structure of words to ungrammatically address renditions. Truth be told, however not totally syntactically worthy, Ebonics is as yet thought to be an organized and reasonable lingo. As what the Center for Applied Linguistics or CAL states, â€Å"AAE (or Ebonics) is an ordinary, efficient language assortment that appears differently in relation to different lingos regarding its syntax, elocution and vocabulary† (n. p. ). Along these lines, Ebonics is right or erroneous, it is simply extraordinary and a logical inconsistency with different dialects, for this situation, the language of American English or Standard English. The source of Ebonics is muddled yet the roots of why it turned into a subject of warmed contentions and discussion is very known. Since countries oblige different countries, and movement and migration (and even straightforward relaxation travel) are unavoidable, it is additionally normal that the language which individuals of various societies use would likewise be moved and absorbed by others with different dialects. As per Ladonna Lewis Rush’s contentious paper on the Ebonics banter titled The Ebonics Debate, the roots of Ebonics can be clarified by Smitherman who sent in Talking and Testifyin: Black English and the Black Experience that: Black English contains components of Standard English, components of West African dialects, and components extraordinary to African-Americans. The structure of discourse in Ebonics can be dissected and identified with African language structures just as to the dark involvement with America. (as refered to by Rush, n. p. ) Along these lines, Ebonic came about on the grounds that the African Americans required the language which they could adjust to and use while in America who utilized American English for their correspondence. Like what the CAL expressed, Smitherman and Rush likewise accept that Ebonics isn't unimportant slang which is highlighted and utilized by African American music specialists yet it is considered as an unmistakable lingo completely all alone. The idea of Ebonics probably been obscure to a great many people before the year 1996 but since of a specific state in America, Ebonics and everything identified with the lingo and term out of nowhere detonated to the point that it turned into a subject of discussion. As per Tracey L. Weldon in her review titled Reflections on the Ebonics Controversy which showed up in American Speech, the Oakland Unified School District in California passed a goals on the long stretch of December year 2006 that â€Å"recognized the authenticity of Ebonics† and it called â€Å"for educators in the locale to be better taught about the principles administering the assortment (Ebonics)† with the point that the instructors would have the option to improve â€Å"the educating of standard English to Ebonics speakers† (275). The issue started up a great many discussions since language specialists endorsed the goals expressing it was right and satisfactory while Ebonics speakers and relatives of African American causes griped that it was an undeniable strategy of separation and distinguishing proof of who were the understudies that doesn't be able to talk the â€Å"proper English† (Weldon 276). Ebonics and the utilization of the tongue is very evident in the general public as it very well may be gotten notification from individuals in most get-togethers, casual gatherings and even in the media. As indicated by Rickford, numerous terms and structures in Ebonics are utilized by everyday citizens on account of what they have gained from â€Å"rap, hip hop† and different methods for â€Å"popular Black culture† (n. p. ). As what Rickford uses to portray this monstrous use of Ebonics in mainstream Black culture, it becomes â€Å"an symbol of youth culture itself† wherein youthful African Americans are promptly recognized as being clients of Ebonics. Since Ebonics is a unimportant methods for correspondence among African Americans, at that point it ought not be a lot of an issue. Be that as it may, tragically, the use of the sociolect has become progressively an issue most particularly in instructive foundations wherein syntactically right and semantically solid structure and jargon ought to be utilized and supported. Surge calls attention to the case why Ebonics has become an issue among understudies and understudies in schools and this is on the grounds that they figure out how to have poor scholarly standing and it was uncovered that in light of this lingo that the understudies have such shocking outcomes. Surge writes in her paper that â€Å"language aptitudes are legitimately identified with achievement in academics† (n. p. ). This is clearly evident since language is utilized to impart and associate with others. Poor language abilities or failure to create and comprehend the language would make it for one’s self and for others to have a reasonable discussion and correspondence. It is additionally Rush who called attention to that African American understudies have a high pace of being suspended (around 80%) and that the understudies are â€Å"lagging behind in proportions of scholastic success† (n. p. ). There was likewise an article which showed up on NEA Today that talked with Lisa Delpit who is a teacher a writer that concentrated on Ebonics. In the meeting, Delpit referenced the motivation behind why Ebonics is significant and why the goals passed by the school locale was excellent: Most of the African-American youngsters in Oakland were performing wretchedly. In any case, one school, the Prescott School, reliably performed close to the highest point of the region. Its understudies were all low-salary African-American kids. What's more, it received a program called the Standard English Proficiency, which utilizes the childrens home language and culture to show them Standard English. (17). On the off chance that Ebonics will be utilized to identify with the understudies and gradually clear their learning for Standard English, at that point there is a high chance that African Americans’ level of scholastically tested understudies would essentially diminish. The inquiry at that point is how can one continue tackling such issue to guarantee an idiot proof method of explaining the issue? This obviously lies with the instructive board and instructors. Instructors in formal schools show Standard English since it something which society and the remainder of th

21 The Movie Night

21 The Movie Night Before we get to scenes from the MIT Class of 2012 Movie Night, Ill share a few of my thoughts and observations after having seen 21 this weekend (now the #1 movie in the country): Lots of folks have been interested in 4-145, the Blackjack Team practice room. For example, Chris wrote, 4-145, the blackjack team room, should be one of the first-floor rooms of Building 4 here at MIT. Although the movie producers got the numbering system right, the numbers of the rooms arent stuck on the lower right of the glass panels of the rooms (especially not in Building 4 theyre affixed to a placard next to the door). Also, we have a lot of recitations in Building 4, and the classrooms are definitely not laid out anything like that classroom in the movie. I actually thought the movie 4-145 was closer to the real thing than most of the rooms in the movie (I thought Bens dorm room was much more soulless than any dorm room Ive seen at MIT). But see for yourself. Below is the movie 4-145, then the real 4-145: Anyway, see the room for yourself when you visit MIT. Its not hard to find. I liked seeing Jeff Ma 94 (the real Ben Campbell) get more than a passing shot of screen time as Jeffrey, the blackjack dealer: In the movie, Bens major is pre-med. Of course, theres no pre-med major students interested in medicine major in lots of different departments. Giving MIT characters fake majors is nothing new, though: take, for example, 2003s The Recruit, where Colin Farrells CIA trainee character, James Clayton, majored in non-linear cryptography. The 2.09 competition? Well, as others have already noted, there is no class called 2.09 at MIT. The closest in number would probably be the awesome course 2.009: Product Engineering Processes. 2.009, like 2.09, is a team-based competition, but team size is 15-18 students rather than 2 for 2.09. Near to 2.009 is 2.007: Design Manufacturing I, MITs famous robotics competition course (and the class that FIRST Robotics was based on). Unlike 2.09, though, 2.007 is an individual competition, and theres no judging only robot battle to determine the winner. Both 2.009 and 2.007, like 2.09, are pretty big deals on campus, and have significant corporate sponsorship. The fictional 2.09 is sponsored by the MIT alum-founded company iRobot. Their CEO, Colin Angle 89 SM 91, makes a cameo in the movie (I believe as the 2.09 judge, but Im not sure). Zach 10, though, notes in the comments of Chris entry that the course could be 2.12: Introduction to Robotics: Great post! my one comment is directed toward clarifying the course 2 part of the movie :). the 2.09 competition would be most analogous to 2.12, Introduction to Robotics. 2.007 is indeed a robot competition, BUT: 1) its an individual event 2) the robots are remote controlled, not programmed and 3) the materials and task are very limited. The robots in the movie seem too complicated, plus they all do their own thing, to be 2.007 bots. however, 2.12 is a team based competition, and the robots are programmed to be autonomous (although I think that course 2 and course 6 students team up and the 2s build while the 6ers program) Probably, were all just over-analyzing this its just a movie, after all. Okay, on to movie night 21: Bay Area Back row: Jackie Chan, Peter15, Alejandro12, Mike12, Drew12, Michael Front row: Yuanyu12, Tiffany11, Stephen11, Rachel12, Sareena12, Katherine12, Linda12, Steffi Rachel 12 writes, Sorry, a few non-prefrosh sneaked into the picture. Hopefully we have enough real ones to make up for it. The Bay Area is pretty conducive to finding MIT people =) It might be noteworthy that 10 people in our group are FIRST Roboticsers, and I think 5 are/have been team captains (including the guy taking the picture, but he goes to Harvard). Coincidence? The movie was pretty fun, although a lot of scenes went like this: 21: [math joke/commentary about MIT students not having lives] Us: [collective groan] Also, during the abrupt, exposition-free sex scene: Oh my god, where did the plot just go? I lost it!' 21: Boston Lauren 12, Xiaoli 12, Kimberly 12, Kevin, Allison 12, Mario 12 21: Seattle Calvin 12, Darien (younger sister 12), Matthew Says Calvin, We attempt to spell MIT with three people, but as you can see, it didnt go very well. I guess our human positioning skills were a bit lacking. We had a great time, and I loved the opening panoramic shot of Boston along Harvard Bridge. I tried to spot some of the Smoots, but I think I ended up missing them. 21: Chicago Emily 12, Evelyn 12, Stephanie 12 Emily writes, At the movies. We didnt have our MIT gear, but we spelled out MIT with our fingers and brought the book. 21: San Antonio Kayla 12, Beatriz 12 Says Kayla, Two MIT 12s in MIT gear. :D (no book though, sorry!~) 21: Kalamazoo Omar 12 21: Houston Ahmed 12 Ahmed writes, I thought the movie was alright. The cheesy and cliche dialogue kind of killed it. 21: New York City Akara 12, Evá 12, Lesley 12, Becky 12 Becky writes, Lol, we forgot to take our picture when we were at the theatre, and the nearest bookstore didnt have the book. Oh, well. 21: Howard County, Maryland Phil 12, Danny 12, Jennifer 12, Samantha 12 Kayla 12 of San Antonio (above) says of this photo, ah i think you guys get the most bonus points! despite the one guy not wearing MIT gear. unless i cant read that? haha whatev, props. :) 21: Atlanta Heidi 12, Marcel 12 Not only did they see the movie, Marcel also wowed everyone with a card trick: 21: East Bay Ivy 12, Celena 12 21: Florida Keys Friend and Fausto 12 Fausto writes, Me and a friend (non-prefrosh sorry, I needed someone to hold the poster up) going to see 21. No book but I brought MIT stuff! 21: Cleveland Matt 12, Alison 12, Steven 12, Beneah 12 After the blog entry was posted, Steven 12 wrote, Nooooo!! I just came back from seeing 21, WITH 3 MIT PREFROSH!! AND TOOK PICTURES! (and even put them on the MIT Class of 2012 website SO if you wanted to put a picture up it would be really cool and I would love you forever) (and ever) (andevveerrrr)

Women s Rights For Women Essay - 1290 Words

Introduction Women not allowed to vote Women do not have the same rights as men Women do not have equal rights as men Women are Weak men are strong Women this Women that Women no education Women behind curtains Women stay at home while men work Women look after the kids Women not allowed Women oppressed Women freedom Women rise Women rights Women rights Women rights for a new light Methodology For the research in writing this essay, I have used sources that reliable and credible sources such as The New York Times, Huffington Post and Forbes. These websites have given great insight into the subjects of my interest. The articles included interviews which a gave better understanding of the topic. The articles that I have chosen include little or no bias towards the topic of gender roles to have a true insight for the essay. In addition, I have created questionnaires for a group of thirty people. The group of people the survey was given to consists of diverse cultural backgrounds. Moreover, I have interviewed an individual regarding the topic of intimacy and relationship. Ther person was a colleague from the EWRT 2 class. Her views were tolerant as she was brought up in the United-States. She responded to the questions using her personal experience and her understanding of the topic. In connection with My Year of Meats, I have linked the research to the things written in t he book. In some cases, they connect and correspond well, and in othersShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of women being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts , cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the employment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, m arry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first decade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Wo rds   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress women’s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where gender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher

Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress - 764 Words

Courtney Dunn Mrs. Besnard World Literature 02 November 2015 Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress In 1971 the Chinese Cultural Revolution has begun to take off. In this story the protagonist, an unnamed a fine musician, and his storytelling best friend luo, are sent away from Chengdu to a secluded mountain village to be re-educated. After arriving to the Phoenix of the Sky, the Headman of the village wants to burn the protagonist’s violin. Luckily, Luo saves the violin by encouraging the musician to play a Mozart Sonata, â€Å" Thinking of Chairman Mao†. The Audience finds out that the narrator s parents are doctors and Luo’s father is a dentist when he recalls a time of Lou’s father being publicly humiliated. As for the two boys, they work at a local coal mine just near the mountain village. Thankfully, Luos skill for storytelling catches the headman s attention. As a result the boys are sent to a nearby town of Yong Jing so they can retell the movies they watch there to the villagers. Soon after, the two boys meet the Little Seamstress, the daughter of a tailor in village not to far from theirs. They are both captivated by the Little Seamstress’s beauty and talents. At first, luo is interested, but later explains how she’s not civilized enough. After working in the coal mine for quite some time, luo comes down with a case of malaria. Luo tries to overcome his unknown illness to make plans to see a cinema show with the narrator and the Little Seamstress. Soon after theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress845 Words   |  4 Pagesbut too often, we tend to define each other by one specific quality. Dai Sijie’s 2001 publication Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress demonstrates this in the form of two young men and how they consider their female companion. The Narrator and his friend Luo are being reeducated in a village in Communist China. Along the way, they both become captivated by the tailor’s daughter, the Seamstress. However, they only see her for her physical beauty, and for her potential to become â€Å"civilized†. ByRead More The Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesBalzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is a marvelous novel, written by Dai Sijie, which himself was re-educated between 1971 and 1974 during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. In Dai Sijie’s Balzac and the Little Seamstress three separate accounts are given of an incident in which Luo and the Little Seamstress make love in an isolated mountain pool. Two of these perspectives are given by the participants while the third is provided by the old miller who observes their love making from a distanceRead MoreBalzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress 4 Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesIn Balzac and the little Chinese Seamstress, by Dai Sijie, storytelling occurs during times of hopelessness when life seems hard and allows the characters to live vicariously through the tales told. The narrator and Luo use storytelling as an escape from reality in times of desperation. The tailor is influenced by the stories to the point where he changes the style of clothing he creates to escape the boundaries of Mao approved clothing. The importance of storyte lling to the little seamstress isRead MoreEssay Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie1315 Words   |  6 PagesIn Balzac and the little Chinese Seamstress, by Dai Sijie, storytelling occurs during times of hopelessness when life seems hard and allows the characters to live vicariously through the tales told. The narrator and Luo use storytelling as an escape from reality in times of desperation. The tailor is influenced by the stories to the point where he changes the style of clothing he creates to escape the boundaries of Mao approved clothing. The importance of storytelling to the little seamstress isRead MoreEssay on Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie1293 Words   |  6 PagesBalzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie Throughout his novel Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, Dai Sijie illustrates the powerful influence that books have on their readers. Through his narrative, he establishes his stance on the controversial issue of whether or not storytelling is good. He combines countless events and feelings to create a novel that demonstrates the good of storytelling and the iniquity of book banning and burning. In the end, Sijie portrays storytellingRead MoreAnalysis Of Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress By Dai Sijie1381 Words   |  6 Pages Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie is about two teen boys being sent out to rural China for reeducation. Set on Phoenix Mountain, the novel introduces us to the local beauty, the Little Seamstress, who quickly becomes the girlfriend of the narrator’s best friend. The Little Seamstress, for much of the novel, was a static character. She was a project that Luo, the narrator’s best friend, was bent on completing. However, towards the end of the novel, the princess of Phoenix MountainRead MoreDeath and the King’s Horseman, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, and The Storyteller all1200 Words   |  5 PagesDeath and the King’s Horseman, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, and The Storyteller all have multiple messages that can be obtained through reading these novels. Due to the great number messages that can be obtained throughout the readings, the authors have a lot of different, but also a lot of similar messages within the books as well. When reading these novels, the authors display a great deal of personal growth and change, a great empathy and compassion for others, and also a great imageRead MoreBalzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress2226 Words   |  9 PagesKhalil Mack 16 July 2014 Summer Reading Assignment Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress Setting the Stage Genre: After reading the novel, I realized that the genres of the book are historical and it is an autobiography. Author: The author of the novel, Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is Dai Sijie. Dai Sijie was born in Putian, China in 1954. He spent most of his childhood working in his father’s shop. At age 30, Dai received a scholarship to study Western art and cinema in France.Read MoreAnalysis Of Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress710 Words   |  3 PagesBalzac and The Little Chinese Seamstress In the novel Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress written by Dai Sijie, the interaction between Luo, the Narrator, and the headman reveals the purpose of re-education and its cultural values that shaped Chinese culture and shows the impact that it left on characters such as Luo and The Narrator. Not only does the Chinese government encourage re-education, but through this, it discourages individuality and showing your intellectual abilities. Read MoreCharacterization In Balzac And The Little Chinese Seamstress1788 Words   |  8 Pageshardly recognize the main character who transformed so much from the starting character. In Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress, Dai’s characters exhibit considerable character development due to the banned books they acquire. The author depicts his thoughts on the way books affect peoples lives through the in depth perspective of the narrator, his best friend Luo, and the Little Chinese Seamstress. The characters are illustrated in the time of cultural revolution where there is great censorship

The Five Different Approaches to Motivation Free Essays

The first being instincts which are the patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned. Fact: people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behavior’s essential to survive. The second being the drive-reduction approach. We will write a custom essay sample on The Five Different Approaches to Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It suggests that a lack of some basic biological requirement such as water produces the drive to obtain the water. The third being the arousal approach in which each person tries to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity. The forth would be the incentive approach which it suggests that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentive. The fifth would be the cognitive approach and it suggests that motivation is a product of a person’s thoughts, expectations, and goals-their cognitions. The one approach i chose would be the incentive approach. I feel that i am more motivated when there is some incentive involved because i know at the end of the day i am going to be rewarded for my assistance. For example: My boss wants me to do some work for him that might take two hours. The two hours would be over-time at twenty for dollars an hour. Fortunetly he say for the work, off the clock he would give me two sixty-five dollar tickets to the season opener for The Pistons at The Palace of Auburn Hills. The offer of the tickets gave me incentive to do the work and it only took me an hour and fifteen minutes to finish it. How to cite The Five Different Approaches to Motivation, Papers

CFO of Motherboards and More Pty Ltd †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the CFO of Motherboards and More Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction The main aim of the report is to focus on the aspect of ransomware attack which has recently. The working of the threat of the ransom ware attack and with the attack the recommendation for the company is put forward. The main emphasis of the report is a detailed description of the revenue cycle that is mainly followed by the organizations with it identification of the threads which is incorporated in the system which is followed by the organization. Overview of the Revenue Cycle The main functionality of the company is the manufacture of motherboard, card and microchips graphics repairs across the Australia in a central city and the departments are located on the outskirts of the town (Wells Bravender, 2016). Being a small enterprise company the revenue system which is followed by the company is very much precise. The main feature which is incorporated by the company involve payment through a credit card with the use of the online website of the company. The order is invoiced and the main order is send to the ware house in order to the packing of the goods. The service of the customer is mainly done through the alphabetical manner. The source number is usually twenty in number and the overall orders which are going out is mainly more than that. When there is loss of any product the process which is incurred is that the item is logged into a log book in order to get updated into the record. Identification of threats The following table mainly discuss about the threats that are faced by the company Internal Control Weaknesses There is no physical counting of the inventory items. Impact These Weaknesses If the items are not kept a track of then if something gets lost then it will not be found Specific Internal Controls Tagging the items in the inventory and then keeping a track of the location the item was last stored can help in the tracking of the lost items. Also keeping an active connective closed circuit camera would help in looking after the warehouse floor (Sittig Singh, 2016). The factor of source of time can be a factor by which the organisation is facing internal weakness. One of the major factor of concern is the allowance of the customer to buy goods online through the use of credit. The use of dock for the incoming and the outgoing delivery of the item can be indicated as the second point of emphasis, this related to problem creation within the operation of the organization. In any organization the database in order to keep the record of the customers plays a vital role , the company lags behind in this field (Kharraz et al., 2015). Impact of the weakness In any organization the database in order to keep the record of the customers plays a vital role, the company lags behind in this field (Kharraz et al., 2015). In the process of not keeping the record when the size of the item increase. On the other hand, the customers get a free trial of 30days this puts high stress on the working team and also on the financial aspect of the company. The use of dock for the outgoing and incoming delivery of the item can be stated as a point of concern. Overview of the Ransom ware attack The main factor which caused the problem was a self-replicating software piece that mainly took advantage of the different vulnerabilities with the main focus on older versions of Microsoft windows. Finding an exposed target, it spreads from system to system. the attack of the ransom ware resulted in demand of ransom which varied from an amount of $US300 and it mainly accompanied increase in amount on an hourly basis. The security holes where disclosed several weeks after by the shadow brokers, this group was a mysterious group that mainly published different hacking tools which was used by the NSA (Collier, 2017). Right after the discloser the Microsoft company issued softwares which mainly included the patches which was made for the loop holes. On the other hand, it can also be stated that many companies did bot install the patches or used older versions of the operating system which did not support the patches which was oriented to protect the system (MohurlePatil, 2017). The most disruptive kind of attack was targeted towards the clinics and the hospital which were in Britain. The case forced to turn away patients after the access of the computer system was not allowed due to the attack. There were many other countries which were involved in the attack for example Spain, Russia, Portugal. Cyber extortionist mainly ticked the victims in order to open malicious attachment which had the malware in order to spam emails that mainly appear to be contained in job offers, invoices, warning which are related to security and other files of legitimate. Recommendations From the above discussion it can be stated that the most important aspect that is related to the problem is that is the company Motherboard and Pvt Ltd faces problem with the tracking of the goods in their warehouse. The items have been tagged and kept in the shelf. The items should be tagged and number with the help of a radio frequency identification tags (RFID). This would help in knowing the location of the product and if an unauthorized way were taken up to take the item out of the warehouse then the tags would help in informing the authorities about the item being taking out of the warehouse (Gupta Tripathi, 2017). Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the ransom ware attack on the organization has faced many loss of data in aspect to the financial condition and related to the company. The detailed study of the case study is mainly based on the drawback which is related to the technical drawback related to the warehouse. References Andronio, N., Zanero, S., Maggi, F. (2015, November). Heldroid: Dissecting and detecting mobile ransomware. InInternational Workshop on Recent Advances in Intrusion Detection(pp. 382-404). Springer International Publishing. Everett, C. (2016). Ransomware: to pay or not to pay?Computer Fraud Security,2016(4), 8-12. Faruki, P., Laxmi, V., Gaur, M. S., Vinod, P. (2012, October). Mining control flow graph as API call-grams to detect portable executable malware. InProceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Security of Information and Networks(pp. 130-137). ACM. Kharraz, A., Robertson, W., Balzarotti, D., Bilge, L., Kirda, E. (2015, July). Cutting the gordian knot: A look under the hood of ransomware attacks. InInternational Conference on Detection of Intrusions and Malware, and Vulnerability Assessment(pp. 3-24). Springer, Cham. Mercaldo, F., Nardone, V., Santone, A., Visaggio, C. A. (2016, June). Ransomware steals your phone. formal methods rescue it. InInternational Conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Objects, Components, and Systems(pp. 212-221). Springer, Cham. O'Gorman, G., McDonald, G. (2012).Ransomware: A growing menace. Symantec Corporation. Pathak, D. P., Nanded, Y. M. (2016). A dangerous trend of cybercrime: ransomware growing challenge.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology (IJARCET) Volume,5. Song, S., Kim, B., Lee, S. (2016). The effective ransomware prevention technique using process monitoring on android platform.Mobile Information Systems,2016.

Sex Without Love By Sharon Olds Essays - Sexual Reproduction

Sex Without Love By Sharon Olds Sharon Olds' poem, Sex without Love, quite passionately expresses the poet's attitude toward loveless sex as a cold and hurtful act. She accomplishes this through her use of various poetic techniques which evoke clear images in the reader. Her opening words, How do they do it,..., do not simply offer question, but carry a negative connotation of the speaker shaking her head and throwing up her hands in a disgusted manner. Reminiscent of a mother looking at her errant teenager and exclaiming, How could you do such a thing?! She then throws us off the path by referring to her characters as beautiful as dancers.....maybe the initial impression was wrong? After all, that implied grace, and the same beauty we see in ice skaters, could lead us to think that this act might be quite lovely. Then Olds returns us to her reality offering the coolness of ice and the slight detachment that professional ice skaters exhibit as they glide almost without seeming to touch the surface. The image of fingers hooked inside each other's bodies is so clinical and conveys that detached feeling once again. There is no implication of gentle touch, as she continues to describe the participants. The similes used to describe the overheated lovers, faces red as steaks and wet as the children at birth also carry the same theme. By comparing a lover's face to a piece of cold, raw beef she leaves us with the image of these people using each other like pieces of meat...weren't many pick-up places referred to as 'meat markets'? The reference to mothers giving their children away expresses the speaker's attitude that these people are likely being irresponsible and without consideration for the consequences of their actions. The paradox contained in the image fingers hooked inside (continuing throug h)?give them away? is difficult to determine. Perhaps the representation of ?fingers hooked inside each other's bodies? is equating parts of the sex act to the way that an infant is inside a mother's womb. Line 8 stops us in our tracks - I found that the spacing made me feel an almost physcial halt in my reading. Her use of the pun, come to the combined with the reptition could express exasperation again, that kind of shoulder sagging, breath expelling, God help me type of exasperation when you just can't understand something at all. It also leads you to think that the speaker is describing the lover's climax, the repitition building to a peak which leads to the still waters, or the quiet aftermath. The spacing around the word ?God? causes it to stand out from the rest of the words and brings us, again, back to Olds' belief that sex and spiritual connection are important. She again returns us (in line 10) to her original premise by questioning how these two could travel this route together without love. It is common theory that men can participate in sexual activity with more removed emotion than women, pehaps our speaker/poet had experiences which were emotionally hurtful. She write this not long after the free love attitude of the 1970's, but clearly was never a believer! The reference to light rising, again evokes an image of cool brightness but then brings back the seemingly contradictory reference to the heat of steam rising. She talks of the true religious...the pros...ones who will not accept a false Messiah. This reference reminds us of her view of the lovemaking act as something spiritual, that should not be shared by those without love for each other. Line 16 continues with the reference to loving the priest instead of the God, implying her belief that sex and God are intertwined. She expresses the feeling that these lovers are hypocrites, professing to the truly religious but by using sex purely for their own pleasure are accepting a false God and behaving immorally. The reference to not mistaking the Priest for God could represent Olds' believe that these people are, perhaps, not confusing their partner in the act (the Priest) for what Olds would consider the spiritual act (the God) of making love, as one should not confuse the spiritual leader for the God or religion they represent. By stating that these

T. S. Eliots The Wasteland

T. S. Eliots The Wasteland T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" has been named the most important poem ever written. Many have also said that it is the most influential piece of literature ever to come out of the Western Cannon. However, at the same time, there are those that claim that it is simply given too much meaning and yet others to claim that it is simply plagiarism because of the numerous references and allusions. There is one thing that no one can deny though, and that is the wonderful and very effective use of emotive imagery.Most of the imagery in the poem is very dark and gloomy. There is nothing but death and misery in Part I, The Burial of the Dead. The name itself implies death and the gravity of the situation. However, right away the reader is shown the opposite as well. There are, right away, images of vegetation and of growing.Eliot's BirthdayThis type of imagery evokes the emotions of hope and the feeling that not everything is lost after all. There is a strange mix of allusions in the third line of the poem: "Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing/ Memory and desire, stirring/ Dull roots with spring rain." (l. 3-5) The allusion in "Lilacs out of the dead land" is to the poem "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" by Walt Whitman. The original poem is about the death of Abraham Lincoln. Whitman's use of lilacs differs severely from the way that Eliot uses them. In Whitman's poem, images typically associated with life, the act of blooming and the season of spring, are immediately confronted by the narrator's mourning at the arrival of these events. Eliot, on the other hand, tells the reader, with the use of the lilac and other flower imagery,

Interior Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interior Design - Assignment Example With the fascinating variety of experiences, but textural and cultural to dip into, there has never been a better time to be an interior designer, or interior architects as we are often known as. The first and most noticeable challenge that our profession faces is control over the gradual but inexorable dominance of technology. The curricula in colleges are software specific, to the extent that in cases the act of design itself is limited by what can be designed then displayed with the available software. Design firms use colleges like training grounds for their own recruitment, by encouraging instruction in software and technology used by their firm. The use of technology in all its forms is a boon without a doubt, but the challenge is the need to propagate the use of technology as a tool, rather than as a set of design-defining parameters. Another challenge that is faced by the field of interior design is the corporatization of the field, where a relatively small group of design firms amass the resources and the means to dominate every aspect of the profession.. To deal with this, Interior designers have to redefine themselves and the way they project their skills and their profession, so as to enable their potential clients to see the innate value in personal interaction.

Themes inU.S and Wold History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Themes inU.S and Wold History - Essay Example Before the era of industrialization family units had more freedom for times of relaxation and family contact. The factory owners craved for more profits, this prompted them to employ more workers and women and children were incorporated as it was easy to control them. The working hours were up to 18 hours, reducing the family bond. Days entailed of mostly work and sleep (Fischer 1996). The society was affected by the other consequence that was urbanization; this is the manner in which people migrated to areas where the factories were set. The labor force was large and could not suffice all the people and urbanization crimes like prostitution, theft came to existence affecting the society adversely. Rise of capitalism can be related to the first industrial revolution. This because the increased use of surplus money for investment in ventures to make profit. This made the middleclass to provide leadership for the economic revolution. From the definition of capitalist by Karl Marx, ‘capitalists’ were the venture entrepreneurs of the day who often risked their wealth on newly formed companies and industries through investment. From this the idea of capitalism can be traced to the first industrial revolution. The factories set with new found machinery that made production faster and cheaper. The wealthier individuals set up factories in form of partnerships or individuals and pay wages to the employees. This then becomes the economic system of capitalism. Without capitalism there could be no existence of such term as communism. Before industrialization there was no capitalism and work was done on one’s convenience and stride. Industrialization then brought about capitalism, few factories were set up, and a lot of people were working for the owners of this factories. The capitalist were the owners of these factories, the employees working in the factories begun experiencing oppression from the owners (capitalists) this prompted

Pay As You Earn (PAYE) System: Advantages and Disadvantages

Pay As You Earn (PAYE) System: Advantages and Disadvantages PAYE (Pay as you earn) was first introduced in year 1944. This is a system used by HMRC (HM Revenue Customs) to collect Income Tax and NICs (National Insurance contributions) from employees pay, including directors of limited companies, as they earn it. OPERATION OF PAYE SYSTEM Under PAYE system, employers are responsible to deduct both Income Tax and NICs from employee when paying them their wages or occupational pension. Employers are required to operate PAYE on the payments make to employee if the employees earnings reach the LEL (National Insurance Lower Earning Limit). For tax year 2010-11 (6th April 2010 to 5th April 2011), LEL is  £97 a week,  £421 a month or  £5,044 a year. The tax rate charged for earning not more than  £37,400 is at 20 percent, earnings more than  £37,400 but less than  £150,000 is at 40 percent and earning above  £150,000 is at 50 percent. A tax code and National Insurance category letter determines the amount of income tax and NICs deductable from employees wages or pension will be issue by HMRC. Employees with earning less than  £110 are exempted from making NICs. Employees with earning more than  £110 but less than  £844 per week will need to pay 11 percent and employees with earning is more than  £844 per week will need to pay 1 percent. Before the tax year starts, usually in January or February, forms P9T or P9X will be given to employers to tell them about the tax codes that to be use for each employee. In the event if HRMC do not have enough information to issue a full tax code to employers, employers will then be told to use the emergency tax code until more information is received and the tax code can be adjusted. A tax code is usually made up of one or more numbers followed by a letter. By multiply the number by ten, the employee will be able to obtain his total income earn in a tax year before any tax deduction. The employee will be getting the same take-home wages each week or month as the tax code spread this tax-free amount equally over the year. See appendix for the common tax letters. Any changes example, employee receiving a second income, employers are expected to inform HMRC accordingly, as this will affect the tax code. Employers were to provide each employee a pay-slip or pay statement at or before the payday and pay HMRC the income tax and NICs by 19th of each month or by the 22nd if payment is made through electronic. Employers whose payments to HMRC do not exceed an average of  £1,500 are allowed to make quarterly payments. If the correct amount was not send in or late sent in, interest may be charged. At the end of each tax year, 5th April 2011, form P60 stating the summary of the employees pay and deductions is to be provided before 1st June following the end of the tax year, 1st June 2011. After the end of the tax year, no later than 19th May 2011, employers must send HMRC the form P35 and P14s summarising the total payroll figures for the year. PROCEDURES WHEN TAXPAYER CHANGES JOB When one employee left their old job, a form P45-Details of employee leaving work should be given to him by his previous employer. Information for Part 1 and 2 must be completed. If the employees last day of work falls on 6th December 2010, this form should reflect the National Insurance number, tax code and total wages and tax as of 6th December 2010. This form P45 will be then given to the new employer when the employee joined onboard. Information for Part 3 will then be complete. The employee will be able to claim back the tax if he started the new job within four weeks after leaving the old job. This tax refunded will be made two to three weeks later if the employees wages is paid on a weekly basis, or included in the pay-slip if his wages is paid on a monthly basis In the event if no form P45 is given to the new employer, employee will need to complete the form P46-PAYE notice of new employee. HMRC will process the form P46 and revise the tax code if necessary. If too much tax is paid, employer will make the necessary refund. Form P46 is only necessary if employee is not a student whom works solely during their school holiday and employee is not working for one week or less. If first pay-day falls on the 1st January 2011, form P46 information must be provided by employee before his first pay-day and employer must send in the form (both form P45 or P46) not later than the employees first pay day, which is 1st January 2011. Although send in forms can be done online or paper form, it had been becoming compulsory for all employers to file the in-year forms online. In-year forms include form P45 and P46. Companies with more than 50 employees should already be filing their in-year forms online. They will be penalty if they file form P45 or P46 on papers. Companies with less than 50 employees are required to file their in-year forms online with effect from 6th April 2011. In the event If the employee decided to retire or stop working, he can claim back the tax payable from HMRC, by completing form P50-Claiming tax back when you have stopped working. COMPARE AND CONTRAST OF PAYE SYSTEM AND SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM In the view of HMRC and a taxpayer, both PAYE system and self-assessment system works about the same as both systems are meant to use to identify employees and self-employed individuals incomes or pension in each tax year. Most employees in UK paid their tax due on their income or pensions to HMRC through PAYE system. However, employees like company director, even if they are already taxed through PAYE system, they will still required by law to complete a tax return. Employees whom earned proceeds from sales of certain assets (capital gain) will either need to inform employers so that they can include this income under PAYE system or they can complete a tax return. Beside the company director, self-employed individuals or trustee or individuals having foreign income will also be required to complete a tax return and inform HMRC about their incomes or profits. Both employers and self-employed individuals have to first register under HMRC before any tax submission or tax payments. Employers have to register under HMRCs PAYE online for employers service, while all self-employed individuals must register for self-assessment and obtain the tax return form. Self Assessment tax returns will be send out by HMRC in April each year (which is April 2011 for Tax Year 2010-11), for online filing, a letter called Notice to File will send instead. A Self Assessment registration form is need to be complete if individual has never file a tax return before. Although the PAYE system and self-assessment system operate in the similar way, the type of forms used under these two systems are different. Under PAYE system, employers are expected to send HMRC the form P35 and P14s summarising the total payroll figures for the employee for the year. Under the self-assessment system, different forms are being used. Being self-employed, individual has to complete form CWF1 to register and inform HMRC about their business nature. Being not self-employed, individual has to complete SA1 instead. The deadline for tax submission and payment for both systems are also difference. Under PAYE system, Under PAYE system, employers are to pay HMRC on a monthly basis, by 19th of each month or by the 22nd if payment is made through electronic, if tax amount is more than  £1,500. If tax amount is less than  £1,500, employers can pay HMRC on a quarterly instead of monthly basis. Under self-assessment system, for paper tax return, it must reach HMRC by midnight of 31st October. For online tax return must reach HMRC by midnight of 31st January. For example, tax year 2010-11, paper tax return deadline is 31st October 2010 and online filing is 31st January 2011. In term of tax payment, for tax year 2010-11, first payment falls on 31st January 2011, second payment falls on 31st July 2011, and the balance payments falls on 31st January 2012. Penalty will be charged if tax return is not received on time. Comparing the PAYE system with self-assessment system, tax payments for self-assessment are split into 3 payments, while under PAYE system payments are made either on monthly basis or quarterly basis. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PAYE SYSTEM AND SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM No system is prefect, to a taxpayer or HMRC, PAYE system and self-assessment system has its own advantages and disadvantages. As a tax-payer under self assessment system, individuals benefit from the lower rate of NICs. Apart of this, under self-assessment system, self-employed individuals can enjoy the cash-flow advantage of not having paying their tax on a monthly basis as tax payments are split into three payments. However they will still face this split payment as disadvantage. This is so when the deadline date reaches 31st January. Under self-assessment, individuals need pay taxes for two tax years on 31st January, first payment for tax year 2010-11 and balance payment for tax year 2009-10. As a tax collector, self-assessment system helps to collect tax for benefits. A taxpayer whom is an employee of a company, he may entitle to some benefits like company car etc. This benefit is not included in the pay-slip therefore not taxed through PAYE system. With self-assessment system, taxpayer will need to include this benefit-in-kind. Under PAYE system, when employee changes job, form P45 is supposed to be provided by previous employer to employee. When form P45 is not issue, new employer will need to complete form P46. Often when new employer do not received the code notice or form P45 on time, it is possible that tax calculation will be incorrect. Another disadvantage of PAYE system is that, under PAYE system, forms P9T or P9X will be given to employers to tell them about the tax codes that to be use for each employee. However employee with more than one source of income tends to be confused of what tax code to be used. This will lead to incorrect deductions of tax for the taxpayer which resulted in either tax over-deducted or under-deducted. Also when a taxpayer turn from 65 or 75, he qualifies for age-related relief, tax code should change. For such cases, HMRC may or may not change the tax code automatically. If tax code is not change, taxpayer might ended up paying more tax. Based on the recent news released early year of 2010, due to the new PAYE system, wrong tax code was issued, which caused taxpayer paying more tax. Due to this incident, HMRC is trying to improve the operation of PAYE system.

A Proposal to Research the Liquid Remains After Resomation Essay

Resomation is an alternative to cremation that helps the funeral industry and cuts down mercury emissions. The new technique of disposing a corpse is still not welcomed into potential clients mind frame do to the lack of information on the left over liquid once resomation is completed. I propose more research to be done on the liquid left behind and that the data collected to be shared with the general public. The research will be conducted within two years and six months with the result being a press release of our findings. I am asking for 1,388,800 dollars to fund this research and two years and six months to complete the project. With our findings clientele will be more aware of resomation and the components of the liquid that remains after completion. Introduction Cremation accounts for 34.34 percent of all corpse disposal in the United States in 2006 and is expected to rise to 58.85 percent by 2025 (CANA, 2008). Unfortunately, in the process of cremation, there are considerable amounts of mercury emissions into the atmosphere. Approximately 320 pounds of mercury is released by U.S. crematoriums each year (Reindl, 2008). Because of the high levels of mercury dispersed by U.S. crematoriums it is necessary for more research to be done on resomation as an alternative to cremation. This document is proposing more research to be done on resomation’s environmental aspects after the resomation process. This proposal will include the following information. The background on cremation, mercury and resomation will be covered, followed by my qualifications and project description. Background Since the 1870’s cremation has been a means of disposing a human body in the United States. However, cremation only accounted for 5 percent of all dispositions until 1972 when the market started to gain popularity (Davis and Mates, Page 102). As stated in the introduction, in 2006 cremation accounted for 34.34 percent of all dispositions and is expected to increase to 58.85 percent by 2025 (CANA, 2008). With the interest in cremation growing, so is the concern of mercury emissions due to the dental fillings of the deceased during cremation. The dental work has been accounting for approximately 320 pounds of mercury into the atmosphere. The amount of mercury emitted is estimated to rise even higher as more families are choosing cremation (Reindle, 2008). There are many questions regarding how to handle the mercury situation respectfully, safely and environmentally. Resomation is a new technique being used in 6 states in the U.S.(ABC News, 2011). The new process is beneficial to the funeral industry because of its fuel efficiency (Resomation LTD). This new technique can help the funeral industry make more profit along with reducing mercury emissions, that is if potential consumers choose resomation. Resomation still sets potential consumers ill at ease. The potential clientele are still hesitant to use the new method of disposition because of the liquids leftover after the process is finished (NYTimes). Some fear that the liquids are harmful for the environment because there have been few studies on the topic. The problem is potential clientele are reluctant to use resomation for fear that the liquid could be detrimental to the environment and to themselves (TIME). Research needs to be done so that there is more information for the general public about resomation. With this information available potential consumers will choose resomation over cremation. Qualifications I am a junior in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences at Oregon state University, majoring in Human Development and Family Sciences with a minor in Biology. I have taken several classes related to chemical compounds, environmental studies and the human body. These courses will aid me in gathering research along with other scientists on my team. Leadership and organization are traits I posses and have shown in my previous work experiences. In my experience as a funeral directors assistant I was able to converse with families about the reasons they decided to not choose resomation. From my conversations with them I found that the overall concern was due to the liquefying process. Because of this experience in my life I feel like I can understand the concern of the general public. Project Description The purpose of this proposal is to conduct research revolving around the remaining liquid after the resomation process is completed. The results found in the research will give us information on whether the remaining liquid is environmentally safe or unsafe. Objectives In our research I will achieve the following goals: * Determine the exact chemical makeup of the remaining liquid left after resomation has taken place. * Determine if the liquid is environmentally safe. * Complete a press release on the findings. Methodology My plan for achieving the goals discussed in the previous section is by testing the liquid of donated human corpses after resomation has taken place. We plan on using 150 donated corpses to conduct the research study. Once the bodies have been resomated we will collect five samples of the liquid remains to be tested later on in the study. Testing the liquid will be done by using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Mass spectrometry is a technique used for separating and identifying molecules based on mass. This technique will help determine the molecules in the liquid and will be able to identify if any of the deceased DNA is present (Genetics, 2003). Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to determine the structure of new natural and synthetic compounds, the purity of send compounds and its chemical reaction with the other compounds in the solution (Medical Discoveries, 1997). These two tools are able to determine chemical structures so that an accurate description of the liquids makeup can be found. With these instruments at hand we can determine the chemical compounds of the liquid down to its basic chemical elements. Once we have the chemical make-up of the liquid, we will begin to start looking at their reactions to the environment and if it is harmful. When it is determined that the material contained in the liquid is harmful or not harmful, we will begin work on a journal article that states our findings. After the journal article is finished we will create a press release so that our findings can be made known to the media. To respect the families of those who donated their bodies, we wish to return the ashes to them. This will not be a great cost to the project for it is just sending the remains to their family’s homes. Evaluation Tracking the experiments progress will be done by having the scientists and graduate students participating in the study keep journals of their progress each day. This way of tracking will help determine if we are moving at a slower or faster pace than what we are scheduled. Check points throughout the study will also be a way to evaluate our progress. An example of a check point would be to have all the samples of the remaining liquid collected by October of 2012. These check points will help the study stay on track and also give us small goals to achieve throughout the process. Determining if the project is successful or unsuccessful relies on if we can determine the chemicals present in the liquid. The success is not necessarily determined by if the liquids are environmentally safe. Whether our findings say it safe or unsafe we will be learning more about resomation which is a success because little is known about the process. Schedule The set schedule for the entire project is two years and six months, starting January of 2012. I will need seven months to find a location for the project to take place and for the equipment to be installed. Also within those seven months I intend to employ six graduate students and three scientists to work alongside me. After the completion of the seven months we will begin on the process of disposing of the donated bodies and taking samples of the remaining liquid. The course of disposing of the 150 human bodies will be given three months for completion, October of 2012. After all the samples are collected we will begin on using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the chemical compounds of the liquid. This part of the study must be completed by March of 2013. Once the data is collect from the samples we will need two months to determine if the compounds are environmentally friendly, May 2013. By the June of 2013 we will begin work on a journal article and have it completed by July of 2014. After the article is finished we will have a press release on our findings. The press release should be completed by August of 2014 and sent into the public. Budget The budget for this project is broken down as follows. * 400,000 dollars for a resomation chamber (Resomation Ltd.) * 68,800 dollars for a mass spectrometer (Labx) * 20,000 dollars for a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Labx) * 800,000 dollars for employment of workers * 150,000 dollars for facility coverage for two years and six months * 100,000 for lab equipment I need 1,388,800 dollars to complete this project. I will need 538,800 dollars immediately to begin purchasing the equipment and securing a location. The rest of the 850,000 can be given in increments throughout the course of the project. Conclusion More research needs to be done on resomation so that more information is available to potential clientele. With this research I plan to determine the exact chemical makeup of the remaining liquid left after resomation has taken place and its environmental risks. After the project is complete, a press release will be created to inform the general public of our findings. With this association’s involvement in our research we can increase the use of resomation by the potential clientele. Resomation will financially benefit the funeral industry overtime more so than cremation (Rindle, 2008). The process of resomation is more cost effective for the funeral industry than cremation because it uses fewer resources, such as fuel. Not only does resomation help this association, but it also helps cut down on mercury emissions caused by cremation. With your financing of my project, potential clientele will begin to choose resomation over cremation. This new process will be benefitting both the National Funeral Directors Association and the environment. Works Cited â€Å"Aquamation, a Form of Cremation: Better for the Environment? – TIME.† Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews – TIME.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"About CANA.† Cremation Association of North America (CANA). Cremation Association of North America, 2000. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Davies, Douglas James., and Lewis H. Mates. â€Å"CANA.† Encyclopedia of Cremation. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005. Print. Klotz, Irene. â€Å"‘Resomation’ Green Alternative to Cremation or Burial After Funeral, to Be Offered in Florida – ABC News.† ABCNews.com: Daily News, Breaking News and Video Broadcasts – ABC News. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Konigsberg, Ruth Davis. â€Å"Resomation – NYTimes.com.† The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. 13 Dec. 2009. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"NMR Systems, New and Used NMR Spectrometers For Sale.† LabX – New and Used Laboratory Equipment For Sale, Auctions, Wanted. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Reindl, John. Summary of References on Mercury Emissions from Crematoria. Tech. 2008. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. . Robinson, Richard. â€Å"Mass Spectrometry.† Genetics. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2011 . â€Å"The Resomation Process.† Resomation Home. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"X-ray Crystallography.† Medical Discoveries. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2011 . Bibliography â€Å"About CANA.† Cremation Association of North America (CANA). Cremation Association of North America, 2000. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Age Data.† Census Bureau Home Page. 2010. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Ashes to Ashes: Comparative Law regarding Survivors’ Disputes concerning Cremation and Cremated Remains.† Oregon State University Libraries. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Aquamation, a Form of Cremation: Better for the Environment? – TIME.† Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews – TIME.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Davies, Douglas James., and Lewis H. Mates. â€Å"CANA.† Encyclopedia of Cremation. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005. Print. â€Å"Exit Strategies; Green Funerals.† The Economist (US) 18 Sept. 2010. Print. Klotz, Irene. â€Å"‘Resomation’ Green Alternative to Cremation or Burial After Funeral, to Be Offered in Florida – ABC News.† ABCNews.com: Daily N ews, Breaking News and Video Broadcasts – ABC News. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. .

Communication in Nursing Essay

The importance of communication is the essential foundation of nursing practise; it is primarily dependant upon verbal and non-verbal communication. Encompassing both speech and behavioural aspects, efficient delivery and receiving of the nurse-patient messages initiates advantageous relationships, or contrarily, generates significant repercussions if applied ineffectively, thus affecting the quality of the nurse-patient relationship. This essay will discuss how effective verbal and non-verbal communication in nursing practice will facilitate a mutually satisfying therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. It will firstly discuss verbal communication, followed on by the complementary non-verbal communication and lastly listening. However, for communication to succeed properly it must be reciprocal. This work has illustrated some examples of verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication primarily entails the conscious use of the spoken word, and although accounting for only fifteen percent of all interpersonal communication, is the principal means of expressing factual information in relations between nurse and patient (Ellis, Gates & Kentworthy, 2002). Whilst verbal communication is an imperative part of building the relationship between nurse and patient it is also just as important between nurse and colleague. A good relationship is vital to quality patient care, clearly both nurse and colleague have the same agenda, to care for the patient, improve and speed up recovery (Boal, Burke, & Mitchell 2004;Gasparis, 2004). Boal, Burke and Mitchell (2004) believe â€Å"better communication among providers can be a tremendous boon to older patients and their families; thus, improved nurse-physician communication is not only a remedy for diminished job satisfaction, it is also an elixir for improving patient care†. Clearly the use of verbal communication between the nurse and colleagues affects the relationships with patients, yet there are many factors involved in the way verbal communication is expressed. The effectiveness of this form of communication is however dependant upon several fundamental factors (Stein-Parbury, 1999). Certainly, the use of language reflecting age, gender, culture, and developmental level, is imperative in positively affecting the patient’s trust and understanding.  For instance, the vocabulary used when communicating with a child, will no doubt differ from that of an adult due to age difference and developmental stage. Similarly, when interacting with patients from different cultures, consideration of dialect and often-contrary meanings is a priority in nursing practice to avoid patient misinterpretation (Creasia, 1996). Whilst vocabulary content is of great consequence, the manner in which it is applied specifically intonation, clarity and timing can affect the nurse-patient relationship (Crisp & Taylor, 2003). To illustrate, a friendly, informal warm welcome in the initial communication can establish trust (Stein-Parbury, 1999). McCabe (2004) suggests that a patient centered approach is of most importance when attending a patient. Encouraging words can give the client a sense of purpose; it can encourage interaction, gives the opportunity for self expression and can strengthen the patient’s problem solving skills (Crisp & Taylor, 2003). Indeed initial verbal exchanges are critical to the establishment of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship engendering sincerity, respect, empathy and understanding (Crisp & Taylor, 2001). Despite the undoubted ability of verbal skills affirming the nurse-patient relationship, it is non-verbal communication which comprises the majority of interpersonal relationships in nursing practice (Arnold & Blogg, 1999). While both forms of communication are of equal significance Argyle (Chambers, 1998) suggests that â€Å"the non-verbal component ofCommunication is five more times more influential than the verbal aspect†. Bensing, Caris-Verhallen and Kerkstra, (1999) believe that there are five non-verbal behaviors found to be essential to the nursing care, eye gaze, head nodding, smiling and body positioning. These styles of non-verbal communication can be grouped together to form body language. Chambers (2003) also adds â€Å"touch, physical appearance and passive listening†. Through careful consideration of those non-verbal signs, nurses are able to gain a more profound insight into the emotional needs and experiences of patients, thus encouraging additional patient investigation (Stein-Parbury, 1999). Clearly these signs of non-verbal communication together with appropriate use  will endeavor to enhance the nurse-patient relationship. According to Caris-Verhallen, Kerkstra & Bensing (2002, p. 809) â€Å"to express warmth and empathy the nurse need to make eye contact with the patient†. However, eye contact is a special exception in non-verbal communication (Vernallen, Kerkstra & Bensing, 2002). It can reveal some hidden and profound feelings that cannot be expressed in another manner that will serve as a role in emphatic connection (Benjamin, 2005). For instance, in western culture, looking people in the eye is assumed to indicate honesty and straight forwardness, in Latin and Asian cultures it represents aggression and/or disrespect (Le Roux, 2002). Certainly in these circumstances, the importance of limiting eye contact and touch in appropriate cultures and regarding them as culturally dissimilar ensures patient misinterpretation is avoided. Additionally the use of touch can in some cultures be a sensitive issue for example in the Muslim culture, even in an Australian hospital it is inappropriate for a male midwife or nurse to touch or deliver a baby of an Muslim patient (ICE, 2001). However, touch can have a very positive outcome in the healing of patients, emotionally and physically. Weiss (Bush,2002) established that touch can slow heart rate, lower the incidence of cardiac arrest, decrease blood pressure, and reduce anxiety. Touch is often replaced by gestures and verbal responses. In spite of this, when patients are unwell or injured; their feelings may be enhanced by a friendly, warm touch (Duldt 1998). Furthermore whilst touch is of great consequence, physical appearance is a powerful aspect of non-verbal communication (Bensing, Caris-Verhallen, & Kerksra, 2002). A nurse should communicate with his/her appearance that he/she is dedicated and professional. Crisp & Taylor (2001) believe â€Å"it helps to establish the nurses’ trustworthiness and competence†. If a nurse’s appearance is not portrayed in a professional demeanor it could harm the nurse-patient relationship from the beginning. Whilst physical appearance is also of great importance listening is probably the most effective therapeutic communication (Sundeen, 1998). Listening is a non-intrusive way of sharing patients’ thoughts and feelings,  it requires the nurses’ whole attention and in return the patient would recognize that the nurse is paying attention and thus will give them a feeling that they are of some significance and importance (Stein-Parbury, 1999).  Accordingly, through this critical listening process, compassionate understanding of patient distress enhances their ability to confide in the nurse and further open the lines of communication (Balzer-Riley, 2004). Therefore while listening is essential part of daily communication in nursing practice, active listening requires the ability not only to hear what the patient is saying but to reflect feeling or intent behind the words (Klagsburn, 2004). Furthermore, active listening can also encourage further interaction between nurse and patient (Stein-Parbury, 1999). For instance active listening to a new bereaved widow and responding with a simple â€Å"I hear you† may be all that is required to give her a sense of empathy (Stein-Parbury, 1999). Active listening does allow for patients to simplify and express their internal thought process in a period comfortable for them, though through this critical active listening process, compassionate understanding of patient distress is imperative in achieving a mutually satisfying nurse-patient relationship. While there are advocates for both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication, it appears that the two are mutually beneficial. As evidenced by Cohen, Rankin, Stuart and Sundeen (1998), the accuracy of verbal expression relies heavily on the support of its non-verbal counterpart. Indeed, as Stein-Parbury (1999) claims, this challenging practice of communication requires a significant degree of self-awareness, or, the ability to reflect inwardly at personal reactions, responses, and feelings regarding a situation, thus enhancing wisdom for the benefit of circumstances. In essence, when communication involving vocal content and emotion do not correspond, they exhibit obvious inconsistencies thus calling for further inquiry to enable accurate validation of patient concerns (Duldt, 1998). For example, a patient who verbalizes an absence of pain, yet displays obvious signs of discomfort through contradictory facial expressions and body language, imposes additional questioning by the nurse  to gain clarification and therefore assist with appropriate care (Stein-Parbury, 1999). In Concluding, the multifaceted verbal and non-verbal styles of communication are extremely significant elements of nursing practice. This essay describes some important points and examples of different forms of communication, in particularly verbal and importantly the supportive non-verbal communication. Evidently, both verbal and non-verbal methods have inherently unique roles in nursing. However, it is when these methods are utilised in a complementary manner, that they most effectively denote empathy, trust and understanding. This essay also describes how listening is a big part of communication. Accordingly, the productive delivery and construal of both these communicative modes, contributes to the establishment of mutually satisfying therapeutic nurse-patient relationships, with the ultimate goal of assisting in patient recovery. References Arnold, K., & Blogg, E. (2003). The interpersonal relationships (4thed.). Missouri: Saunders. Balzer-Riley, J. (2004). Communication in nursing (5th ed.). Missouri:Mosby. Benjamin, L. (2005). Gaze, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 4, p. 664. Bensing, J., Caris-Verhallen, W., & Kerksra, A. (2002). Non-verbalbehaviour in nurse-elderly patient communication. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 29(4), 808-818. Boal, J., Burke, M., & Mitchell, R.(2004). Communicating for bettercare: Improving nurse-physician communication. American JournalOf Nursing. (104)12, p. 40. Bush, E., (2002). The use of human touch to improve the well-being ofolder adults: a holistic nursing intervention. The Journal ofHolistic Healing, 19, p.256. Chambers, S. (2003). Use of non-verbal communication skills toImprove nursing care. British journal of nursing, 12, p.874. Cohen, S., Rankin, A., Stuart, G., & Sundeen, S. (1998). Nurse clientinteraction (6th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Creasia, J. (2001). Conceptual foundations : the bridge toprofessional nursing practice (3rd ed.). St Louis: Mosby. Crisp, J., & Taylor, C. (Eds) Potter and perry’s fundamentals ofnursing, australian adaptatio.(2nd ed.). Melbourne:Elsevier. Dongen, E., & Elma, R. (2002). The art of touching: the culture ofbody work in nursing. The Journal of Anthropology and Medicine,8, 149-162. Duldt, B. (1998). Interpersonal communication in nursing. Kansas: FADavis. Ellis, R., Gates, R., & Kenworthy, N. (Eds) Interpersonalcommunication in Nursing (2nd ed.) Edinburgh: Churchill. Friedman, N. (2003). Focusing. Xilbris corporation. Retreived march25, 2007, from http://www.focusing.orgGasbaris, L. (2004). Get real!: servants or colleagues?. R.N.Registered Nurse RN magazine, (67)9 p.92. (ICE), Information and cultural exchange. (2001). Retrieved 20 Marchfrom http://www.ice.org.auKlagsburn, J. (2004). Listening and focusing: holistic health caretool. Journal of Professional Nursing, (20)3, 141-142. Le Roux, J. (2002). Effective educators are culturally competentCommunicators. Journal of Intercultural Education, 913)1, 37-48. McCabe, C. (2004). Nurse-patient communication: an exploration ofpatients’ experiences, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 41-49. Stein-Parbury, J. (2000). Patient and person (2nd ed.). Sydney:Elsevier.

All About the USS Gerald Ford Aircraft Carrier

One of the newer aircraft carriers is the Gerald R. Ford class, the first one to be named the USS Gerald R. Ford. The USS Gerald Ford is being built by Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Shipbuilding.The Navy plans to build 10 Gerald Ford class carriers, each with a  50-year  life span. The second Gerald Ford class carrier is named the USS John F. Kennedy and construction started in 2011. This class of aircraft carriers will replace the Nimitz class USS Enterprise carrier. Ordered in 2008, the USS Gerald Ford was scheduled for commissioning in 2017. Another carrier was scheduled to be completed in 2023.   A More Automated Aircraft Carrier The Gerald Ford-class carriers will have advanced aircraft arresting gear and be highly automated to reduce manpower requirements. The aircraft arresting gear (AAG) is built by General Atomics. Prior carriers used steam launchers to launch aircraft but the Gerald Ford will use the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) built by General Atomics. The carrier is nuclear powered with two reactors. The latest in stealth technology will be employed to reduce the ships radar signature. The Raytheon enhanced weapon handling and integrated warfare control systems will further improve ship operation. Dual Band Radar (DBR) will improve the ships ability to control aircraft and increase the number of sorties that can be made by 25 percent. The control island has been completely redesigned to enhance operations and be smaller. Aircraft carried by the carrier can include F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, EA-18G Growler, and F-35C Lightning II. Other aircraft on board include: EF-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraftE-2D Hawkeye for conducting battle management command and controlMH-60R Seahawk helicopter for antisubmarine and anti-surface warfare dutiesMH-60S Fire Scout unmanned helicopter. Current carriers use steam power throughout the ship but the Ford class has replaced all the steam lines with electric power. Weapons elevators on the carriers use electromagnetic hoists instead of wire rope to reduce maintenance costs. Hydraulics have been eliminated and replaced by electric actuators. Weapons elevators are built by Federal Equipment Company. Crew Amenities The new carriers will have enhanced quality of life for the crew. There are two galleys on the ship plus one for the Strike Group Commander and one for the Ship’s Commanding Officer. The ship will have improved air conditioning, better work spaces, sleeping and sanitary facilities. It is estimated that the operating cost of the new carriers will be $5 billion less over the ships life than the current Nimitz carriers. Parts of the ship are designed to be flexible and allow for future installation of speakers, lights, controls, and monitors. Ventilation and cabling are run under the decks to allow for easy reconfiguration. Weapons On Board Evolved Sea Sparrow missileRolling Airframe MissilePhalanx CIWSCarries 75 aircraft. Specifications Length 1,092 feetBeam 134 feetFlight deck 256 feetDraft 39 feetDisplacement 100,000 tonsPower generation from two nuclear reactors designed by Bettis LaboratoryFour shafts for propulsion (propulsion units built by General Electric and turbine generators are built by Northrop Grumman Marine Systems).Crew size 4,660 crew including ship staff and air wing personnel, 800 less than current carriersMaximum speed 30 knotsRange is unlimited since nuclear reactors can power the ship for many yearsApproximate cost $11.5 billion each To sum up, the next-generation aircraft carrier is the Gerald R. Ford class. It will carry superior firepower through over 75 aircraft, unlimited range using the nuclear reactors, lower manpower, and operating costs. The new design will increase the number of missions that the aircraft can complete making the carrier even more of a force.