A Proposal to Research the Liquid Remains After Resomation Essay

Resomation is an alternative to cremation that helps the funeral industry and cuts down mercury emissions. The new technique of disposing a corpse is still not welcomed into potential clients mind frame do to the lack of information on the left over liquid once resomation is completed. I propose more research to be done on the liquid left behind and that the data collected to be shared with the general public. The research will be conducted within two years and six months with the result being a press release of our findings. I am asking for 1,388,800 dollars to fund this research and two years and six months to complete the project. With our findings clientele will be more aware of resomation and the components of the liquid that remains after completion. Introduction Cremation accounts for 34.34 percent of all corpse disposal in the United States in 2006 and is expected to rise to 58.85 percent by 2025 (CANA, 2008). Unfortunately, in the process of cremation, there are considerable amounts of mercury emissions into the atmosphere. Approximately 320 pounds of mercury is released by U.S. crematoriums each year (Reindl, 2008). Because of the high levels of mercury dispersed by U.S. crematoriums it is necessary for more research to be done on resomation as an alternative to cremation. This document is proposing more research to be done on resomation’s environmental aspects after the resomation process. This proposal will include the following information. The background on cremation, mercury and resomation will be covered, followed by my qualifications and project description. Background Since the 1870’s cremation has been a means of disposing a human body in the United States. However, cremation only accounted for 5 percent of all dispositions until 1972 when the market started to gain popularity (Davis and Mates, Page 102). As stated in the introduction, in 2006 cremation accounted for 34.34 percent of all dispositions and is expected to increase to 58.85 percent by 2025 (CANA, 2008). With the interest in cremation growing, so is the concern of mercury emissions due to the dental fillings of the deceased during cremation. The dental work has been accounting for approximately 320 pounds of mercury into the atmosphere. The amount of mercury emitted is estimated to rise even higher as more families are choosing cremation (Reindle, 2008). There are many questions regarding how to handle the mercury situation respectfully, safely and environmentally. Resomation is a new technique being used in 6 states in the U.S.(ABC News, 2011). The new process is beneficial to the funeral industry because of its fuel efficiency (Resomation LTD). This new technique can help the funeral industry make more profit along with reducing mercury emissions, that is if potential consumers choose resomation. Resomation still sets potential consumers ill at ease. The potential clientele are still hesitant to use the new method of disposition because of the liquids leftover after the process is finished (NYTimes). Some fear that the liquids are harmful for the environment because there have been few studies on the topic. The problem is potential clientele are reluctant to use resomation for fear that the liquid could be detrimental to the environment and to themselves (TIME). Research needs to be done so that there is more information for the general public about resomation. With this information available potential consumers will choose resomation over cremation. Qualifications I am a junior in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences at Oregon state University, majoring in Human Development and Family Sciences with a minor in Biology. I have taken several classes related to chemical compounds, environmental studies and the human body. These courses will aid me in gathering research along with other scientists on my team. Leadership and organization are traits I posses and have shown in my previous work experiences. In my experience as a funeral directors assistant I was able to converse with families about the reasons they decided to not choose resomation. From my conversations with them I found that the overall concern was due to the liquefying process. Because of this experience in my life I feel like I can understand the concern of the general public. Project Description The purpose of this proposal is to conduct research revolving around the remaining liquid after the resomation process is completed. The results found in the research will give us information on whether the remaining liquid is environmentally safe or unsafe. Objectives In our research I will achieve the following goals: * Determine the exact chemical makeup of the remaining liquid left after resomation has taken place. * Determine if the liquid is environmentally safe. * Complete a press release on the findings. Methodology My plan for achieving the goals discussed in the previous section is by testing the liquid of donated human corpses after resomation has taken place. We plan on using 150 donated corpses to conduct the research study. Once the bodies have been resomated we will collect five samples of the liquid remains to be tested later on in the study. Testing the liquid will be done by using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Mass spectrometry is a technique used for separating and identifying molecules based on mass. This technique will help determine the molecules in the liquid and will be able to identify if any of the deceased DNA is present (Genetics, 2003). Nuclear magnetic resonance is used to determine the structure of new natural and synthetic compounds, the purity of send compounds and its chemical reaction with the other compounds in the solution (Medical Discoveries, 1997). These two tools are able to determine chemical structures so that an accurate description of the liquids makeup can be found. With these instruments at hand we can determine the chemical compounds of the liquid down to its basic chemical elements. Once we have the chemical make-up of the liquid, we will begin to start looking at their reactions to the environment and if it is harmful. When it is determined that the material contained in the liquid is harmful or not harmful, we will begin work on a journal article that states our findings. After the journal article is finished we will create a press release so that our findings can be made known to the media. To respect the families of those who donated their bodies, we wish to return the ashes to them. This will not be a great cost to the project for it is just sending the remains to their family’s homes. Evaluation Tracking the experiments progress will be done by having the scientists and graduate students participating in the study keep journals of their progress each day. This way of tracking will help determine if we are moving at a slower or faster pace than what we are scheduled. Check points throughout the study will also be a way to evaluate our progress. An example of a check point would be to have all the samples of the remaining liquid collected by October of 2012. These check points will help the study stay on track and also give us small goals to achieve throughout the process. Determining if the project is successful or unsuccessful relies on if we can determine the chemicals present in the liquid. The success is not necessarily determined by if the liquids are environmentally safe. Whether our findings say it safe or unsafe we will be learning more about resomation which is a success because little is known about the process. Schedule The set schedule for the entire project is two years and six months, starting January of 2012. I will need seven months to find a location for the project to take place and for the equipment to be installed. Also within those seven months I intend to employ six graduate students and three scientists to work alongside me. After the completion of the seven months we will begin on the process of disposing of the donated bodies and taking samples of the remaining liquid. The course of disposing of the 150 human bodies will be given three months for completion, October of 2012. After all the samples are collected we will begin on using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the chemical compounds of the liquid. This part of the study must be completed by March of 2013. Once the data is collect from the samples we will need two months to determine if the compounds are environmentally friendly, May 2013. By the June of 2013 we will begin work on a journal article and have it completed by July of 2014. After the article is finished we will have a press release on our findings. The press release should be completed by August of 2014 and sent into the public. Budget The budget for this project is broken down as follows. * 400,000 dollars for a resomation chamber (Resomation Ltd.) * 68,800 dollars for a mass spectrometer (Labx) * 20,000 dollars for a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (Labx) * 800,000 dollars for employment of workers * 150,000 dollars for facility coverage for two years and six months * 100,000 for lab equipment I need 1,388,800 dollars to complete this project. I will need 538,800 dollars immediately to begin purchasing the equipment and securing a location. The rest of the 850,000 can be given in increments throughout the course of the project. Conclusion More research needs to be done on resomation so that more information is available to potential clientele. With this research I plan to determine the exact chemical makeup of the remaining liquid left after resomation has taken place and its environmental risks. After the project is complete, a press release will be created to inform the general public of our findings. With this association’s involvement in our research we can increase the use of resomation by the potential clientele. Resomation will financially benefit the funeral industry overtime more so than cremation (Rindle, 2008). The process of resomation is more cost effective for the funeral industry than cremation because it uses fewer resources, such as fuel. Not only does resomation help this association, but it also helps cut down on mercury emissions caused by cremation. With your financing of my project, potential clientele will begin to choose resomation over cremation. This new process will be benefitting both the National Funeral Directors Association and the environment. Works Cited â€Å"Aquamation, a Form of Cremation: Better for the Environment? – TIME.† Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews – TIME.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"About CANA.† Cremation Association of North America (CANA). Cremation Association of North America, 2000. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Davies, Douglas James., and Lewis H. Mates. â€Å"CANA.† Encyclopedia of Cremation. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005. Print. Klotz, Irene. â€Å"‘Resomation’ Green Alternative to Cremation or Burial After Funeral, to Be Offered in Florida – ABC News.† ABCNews.com: Daily News, Breaking News and Video Broadcasts – ABC News. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Konigsberg, Ruth Davis. â€Å"Resomation – NYTimes.com.† The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia. 13 Dec. 2009. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . â€Å"NMR Systems, New and Used NMR Spectrometers For Sale.† LabX – New and Used Laboratory Equipment For Sale, Auctions, Wanted. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Reindl, John. Summary of References on Mercury Emissions from Crematoria. Tech. 2008. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. . Robinson, Richard. â€Å"Mass Spectrometry.† Genetics. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2011 . â€Å"The Resomation Process.† Resomation Home. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"X-ray Crystallography.† Medical Discoveries. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 2 Dec. 2011 . Bibliography â€Å"About CANA.† Cremation Association of North America (CANA). Cremation Association of North America, 2000. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Age Data.† Census Bureau Home Page. 2010. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Ashes to Ashes: Comparative Law regarding Survivors’ Disputes concerning Cremation and Cremated Remains.† Oregon State University Libraries. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . â€Å"Aquamation, a Form of Cremation: Better for the Environment? – TIME.† Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews – TIME.com. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. . Davies, Douglas James., and Lewis H. Mates. â€Å"CANA.† Encyclopedia of Cremation. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005. Print. â€Å"Exit Strategies; Green Funerals.† The Economist (US) 18 Sept. 2010. Print. Klotz, Irene. â€Å"‘Resomation’ Green Alternative to Cremation or Burial After Funeral, to Be Offered in Florida – ABC News.† ABCNews.com: Daily N ews, Breaking News and Video Broadcasts – ABC News. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. .

Communication in Nursing Essay

The importance of communication is the essential foundation of nursing practise; it is primarily dependant upon verbal and non-verbal communication. Encompassing both speech and behavioural aspects, efficient delivery and receiving of the nurse-patient messages initiates advantageous relationships, or contrarily, generates significant repercussions if applied ineffectively, thus affecting the quality of the nurse-patient relationship. This essay will discuss how effective verbal and non-verbal communication in nursing practice will facilitate a mutually satisfying therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. It will firstly discuss verbal communication, followed on by the complementary non-verbal communication and lastly listening. However, for communication to succeed properly it must be reciprocal. This work has illustrated some examples of verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication primarily entails the conscious use of the spoken word, and although accounting for only fifteen percent of all interpersonal communication, is the principal means of expressing factual information in relations between nurse and patient (Ellis, Gates & Kentworthy, 2002). Whilst verbal communication is an imperative part of building the relationship between nurse and patient it is also just as important between nurse and colleague. A good relationship is vital to quality patient care, clearly both nurse and colleague have the same agenda, to care for the patient, improve and speed up recovery (Boal, Burke, & Mitchell 2004;Gasparis, 2004). Boal, Burke and Mitchell (2004) believe â€Å"better communication among providers can be a tremendous boon to older patients and their families; thus, improved nurse-physician communication is not only a remedy for diminished job satisfaction, it is also an elixir for improving patient care†. Clearly the use of verbal communication between the nurse and colleagues affects the relationships with patients, yet there are many factors involved in the way verbal communication is expressed. The effectiveness of this form of communication is however dependant upon several fundamental factors (Stein-Parbury, 1999). Certainly, the use of language reflecting age, gender, culture, and developmental level, is imperative in positively affecting the patient’s trust and understanding.  For instance, the vocabulary used when communicating with a child, will no doubt differ from that of an adult due to age difference and developmental stage. Similarly, when interacting with patients from different cultures, consideration of dialect and often-contrary meanings is a priority in nursing practice to avoid patient misinterpretation (Creasia, 1996). Whilst vocabulary content is of great consequence, the manner in which it is applied specifically intonation, clarity and timing can affect the nurse-patient relationship (Crisp & Taylor, 2003). To illustrate, a friendly, informal warm welcome in the initial communication can establish trust (Stein-Parbury, 1999). McCabe (2004) suggests that a patient centered approach is of most importance when attending a patient. Encouraging words can give the client a sense of purpose; it can encourage interaction, gives the opportunity for self expression and can strengthen the patient’s problem solving skills (Crisp & Taylor, 2003). Indeed initial verbal exchanges are critical to the establishment of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship engendering sincerity, respect, empathy and understanding (Crisp & Taylor, 2001). Despite the undoubted ability of verbal skills affirming the nurse-patient relationship, it is non-verbal communication which comprises the majority of interpersonal relationships in nursing practice (Arnold & Blogg, 1999). While both forms of communication are of equal significance Argyle (Chambers, 1998) suggests that â€Å"the non-verbal component ofCommunication is five more times more influential than the verbal aspect†. Bensing, Caris-Verhallen and Kerkstra, (1999) believe that there are five non-verbal behaviors found to be essential to the nursing care, eye gaze, head nodding, smiling and body positioning. These styles of non-verbal communication can be grouped together to form body language. Chambers (2003) also adds â€Å"touch, physical appearance and passive listening†. Through careful consideration of those non-verbal signs, nurses are able to gain a more profound insight into the emotional needs and experiences of patients, thus encouraging additional patient investigation (Stein-Parbury, 1999). Clearly these signs of non-verbal communication together with appropriate use  will endeavor to enhance the nurse-patient relationship. According to Caris-Verhallen, Kerkstra & Bensing (2002, p. 809) â€Å"to express warmth and empathy the nurse need to make eye contact with the patient†. However, eye contact is a special exception in non-verbal communication (Vernallen, Kerkstra & Bensing, 2002). It can reveal some hidden and profound feelings that cannot be expressed in another manner that will serve as a role in emphatic connection (Benjamin, 2005). For instance, in western culture, looking people in the eye is assumed to indicate honesty and straight forwardness, in Latin and Asian cultures it represents aggression and/or disrespect (Le Roux, 2002). Certainly in these circumstances, the importance of limiting eye contact and touch in appropriate cultures and regarding them as culturally dissimilar ensures patient misinterpretation is avoided. Additionally the use of touch can in some cultures be a sensitive issue for example in the Muslim culture, even in an Australian hospital it is inappropriate for a male midwife or nurse to touch or deliver a baby of an Muslim patient (ICE, 2001). However, touch can have a very positive outcome in the healing of patients, emotionally and physically. Weiss (Bush,2002) established that touch can slow heart rate, lower the incidence of cardiac arrest, decrease blood pressure, and reduce anxiety. Touch is often replaced by gestures and verbal responses. In spite of this, when patients are unwell or injured; their feelings may be enhanced by a friendly, warm touch (Duldt 1998). Furthermore whilst touch is of great consequence, physical appearance is a powerful aspect of non-verbal communication (Bensing, Caris-Verhallen, & Kerksra, 2002). A nurse should communicate with his/her appearance that he/she is dedicated and professional. Crisp & Taylor (2001) believe â€Å"it helps to establish the nurses’ trustworthiness and competence†. If a nurse’s appearance is not portrayed in a professional demeanor it could harm the nurse-patient relationship from the beginning. Whilst physical appearance is also of great importance listening is probably the most effective therapeutic communication (Sundeen, 1998). Listening is a non-intrusive way of sharing patients’ thoughts and feelings,  it requires the nurses’ whole attention and in return the patient would recognize that the nurse is paying attention and thus will give them a feeling that they are of some significance and importance (Stein-Parbury, 1999).  Accordingly, through this critical listening process, compassionate understanding of patient distress enhances their ability to confide in the nurse and further open the lines of communication (Balzer-Riley, 2004). Therefore while listening is essential part of daily communication in nursing practice, active listening requires the ability not only to hear what the patient is saying but to reflect feeling or intent behind the words (Klagsburn, 2004). Furthermore, active listening can also encourage further interaction between nurse and patient (Stein-Parbury, 1999). For instance active listening to a new bereaved widow and responding with a simple â€Å"I hear you† may be all that is required to give her a sense of empathy (Stein-Parbury, 1999). Active listening does allow for patients to simplify and express their internal thought process in a period comfortable for them, though through this critical active listening process, compassionate understanding of patient distress is imperative in achieving a mutually satisfying nurse-patient relationship. While there are advocates for both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication, it appears that the two are mutually beneficial. As evidenced by Cohen, Rankin, Stuart and Sundeen (1998), the accuracy of verbal expression relies heavily on the support of its non-verbal counterpart. Indeed, as Stein-Parbury (1999) claims, this challenging practice of communication requires a significant degree of self-awareness, or, the ability to reflect inwardly at personal reactions, responses, and feelings regarding a situation, thus enhancing wisdom for the benefit of circumstances. In essence, when communication involving vocal content and emotion do not correspond, they exhibit obvious inconsistencies thus calling for further inquiry to enable accurate validation of patient concerns (Duldt, 1998). For example, a patient who verbalizes an absence of pain, yet displays obvious signs of discomfort through contradictory facial expressions and body language, imposes additional questioning by the nurse  to gain clarification and therefore assist with appropriate care (Stein-Parbury, 1999). In Concluding, the multifaceted verbal and non-verbal styles of communication are extremely significant elements of nursing practice. This essay describes some important points and examples of different forms of communication, in particularly verbal and importantly the supportive non-verbal communication. Evidently, both verbal and non-verbal methods have inherently unique roles in nursing. However, it is when these methods are utilised in a complementary manner, that they most effectively denote empathy, trust and understanding. This essay also describes how listening is a big part of communication. Accordingly, the productive delivery and construal of both these communicative modes, contributes to the establishment of mutually satisfying therapeutic nurse-patient relationships, with the ultimate goal of assisting in patient recovery. References Arnold, K., & Blogg, E. (2003). The interpersonal relationships (4thed.). Missouri: Saunders. Balzer-Riley, J. (2004). Communication in nursing (5th ed.). Missouri:Mosby. Benjamin, L. (2005). Gaze, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 4, p. 664. Bensing, J., Caris-Verhallen, W., & Kerksra, A. (2002). Non-verbalbehaviour in nurse-elderly patient communication. Journal ofAdvanced Nursing, 29(4), 808-818. Boal, J., Burke, M., & Mitchell, R.(2004). Communicating for bettercare: Improving nurse-physician communication. American JournalOf Nursing. (104)12, p. 40. Bush, E., (2002). The use of human touch to improve the well-being ofolder adults: a holistic nursing intervention. The Journal ofHolistic Healing, 19, p.256. Chambers, S. (2003). Use of non-verbal communication skills toImprove nursing care. British journal of nursing, 12, p.874. Cohen, S., Rankin, A., Stuart, G., & Sundeen, S. (1998). Nurse clientinteraction (6th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Creasia, J. (2001). Conceptual foundations : the bridge toprofessional nursing practice (3rd ed.). St Louis: Mosby. Crisp, J., & Taylor, C. (Eds) Potter and perry’s fundamentals ofnursing, australian adaptatio.(2nd ed.). Melbourne:Elsevier. Dongen, E., & Elma, R. (2002). The art of touching: the culture ofbody work in nursing. The Journal of Anthropology and Medicine,8, 149-162. Duldt, B. (1998). Interpersonal communication in nursing. Kansas: FADavis. Ellis, R., Gates, R., & Kenworthy, N. (Eds) Interpersonalcommunication in Nursing (2nd ed.) Edinburgh: Churchill. Friedman, N. (2003). Focusing. Xilbris corporation. Retreived march25, 2007, from http://www.focusing.orgGasbaris, L. (2004). Get real!: servants or colleagues?. R.N.Registered Nurse RN magazine, (67)9 p.92. (ICE), Information and cultural exchange. (2001). Retrieved 20 Marchfrom http://www.ice.org.auKlagsburn, J. (2004). Listening and focusing: holistic health caretool. Journal of Professional Nursing, (20)3, 141-142. Le Roux, J. (2002). Effective educators are culturally competentCommunicators. Journal of Intercultural Education, 913)1, 37-48. McCabe, C. (2004). Nurse-patient communication: an exploration ofpatients’ experiences, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 13, 41-49. Stein-Parbury, J. (2000). Patient and person (2nd ed.). Sydney:Elsevier.

All About the USS Gerald Ford Aircraft Carrier

One of the newer aircraft carriers is the Gerald R. Ford class, the first one to be named the USS Gerald R. Ford. The USS Gerald Ford is being built by Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Shipbuilding.The Navy plans to build 10 Gerald Ford class carriers, each with a  50-year  life span. The second Gerald Ford class carrier is named the USS John F. Kennedy and construction started in 2011. This class of aircraft carriers will replace the Nimitz class USS Enterprise carrier. Ordered in 2008, the USS Gerald Ford was scheduled for commissioning in 2017. Another carrier was scheduled to be completed in 2023.   A More Automated Aircraft Carrier The Gerald Ford-class carriers will have advanced aircraft arresting gear and be highly automated to reduce manpower requirements. The aircraft arresting gear (AAG) is built by General Atomics. Prior carriers used steam launchers to launch aircraft but the Gerald Ford will use the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) built by General Atomics. The carrier is nuclear powered with two reactors. The latest in stealth technology will be employed to reduce the ships radar signature. The Raytheon enhanced weapon handling and integrated warfare control systems will further improve ship operation. Dual Band Radar (DBR) will improve the ships ability to control aircraft and increase the number of sorties that can be made by 25 percent. The control island has been completely redesigned to enhance operations and be smaller. Aircraft carried by the carrier can include F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, EA-18G Growler, and F-35C Lightning II. Other aircraft on board include: EF-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraftE-2D Hawkeye for conducting battle management command and controlMH-60R Seahawk helicopter for antisubmarine and anti-surface warfare dutiesMH-60S Fire Scout unmanned helicopter. Current carriers use steam power throughout the ship but the Ford class has replaced all the steam lines with electric power. Weapons elevators on the carriers use electromagnetic hoists instead of wire rope to reduce maintenance costs. Hydraulics have been eliminated and replaced by electric actuators. Weapons elevators are built by Federal Equipment Company. Crew Amenities The new carriers will have enhanced quality of life for the crew. There are two galleys on the ship plus one for the Strike Group Commander and one for the Ship’s Commanding Officer. The ship will have improved air conditioning, better work spaces, sleeping and sanitary facilities. It is estimated that the operating cost of the new carriers will be $5 billion less over the ships life than the current Nimitz carriers. Parts of the ship are designed to be flexible and allow for future installation of speakers, lights, controls, and monitors. Ventilation and cabling are run under the decks to allow for easy reconfiguration. Weapons On Board Evolved Sea Sparrow missileRolling Airframe MissilePhalanx CIWSCarries 75 aircraft. Specifications Length 1,092 feetBeam 134 feetFlight deck 256 feetDraft 39 feetDisplacement 100,000 tonsPower generation from two nuclear reactors designed by Bettis LaboratoryFour shafts for propulsion (propulsion units built by General Electric and turbine generators are built by Northrop Grumman Marine Systems).Crew size 4,660 crew including ship staff and air wing personnel, 800 less than current carriersMaximum speed 30 knotsRange is unlimited since nuclear reactors can power the ship for many yearsApproximate cost $11.5 billion each To sum up, the next-generation aircraft carrier is the Gerald R. Ford class. It will carry superior firepower through over 75 aircraft, unlimited range using the nuclear reactors, lower manpower, and operating costs. The new design will increase the number of missions that the aircraft can complete making the carrier even more of a force.

Antigone Moral Obligation and Civil Disobedience - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1321 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Antigone Essay Civil Disobedience Essay Did you like this example? Greek tragedy often teaches moral lessons at the expense of human life and political will. Antigone is the tragic story of the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta of Thebes after the army of Argos vanishes and her brothers have killed each other on opposite sides of the battle. While the Greeks were well-aware of the literary history, the tragedy still provides a historical and modern perspective for one of the oldest questions in society: how does one protest an unjust and cruel law that is contrary to moral obligation? The tragic conflict between Creon, Antigone and Ismene illustrates the struggle between the unjust laws of kings and the Greek gods. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Antigone Moral Obligation and Civil Disobedience" essay for you Create order Creon, as the king, represents the dictator of human laws; Ismene represents the frail human emotion of submission to power; and Antigone illustrates the concept of facing unjust and tragic death without doubting its purpose. Antigone is the quintessential character who risks her life to comply with divine order, familial loyalty and social decency in the face of political power. In the process, her actions demonstrate how to follow ones moral soul to do the right thing.Historically, Greeks held burial of the dead as the most sacred of acts. Honoring the dead and their valor plays a significant role in their literature and mythology. Homer provided examples in the Iliad regarding an agreement and ceasefire during the Trojan War to pay homage to the bodies of fallen soldiers and conduct their funerals with admirable rituals. The extraordinary sense of duty and honor continued centuries later in Greek Theatre. Respect and burial of the dead played a significant role between the democratic city and those who fought for it. Sophocles wrote in an era of democracy, but the laws of the gods were still powerful. The citys and the individuals fate were one in the same and even after death, they would be remembered as honorable men continuing to live in the city. The legend of Oedipus and his children was well-known by all of Greece. The conflict between the brothers seeking to rule was a story that repeats throughout history. Thebes was a divine monarchy under attack. Against this landscape, the stories of Antigone begin after th e armies of Argos has vanished and the two sons of Oedipus, Polynices and Eteocles, have killed each other in war. Each brother believed his actions were just. Sophocles interprets the ancient story with the Chorus, whose role changes throughout the play. The city, represented by the Chorus, is summoned by the new ruler, Creon. Creon thanks the citizens for their loyal service and dictates a proper burial for Eteocles to honor his loyalty as a defender of his city. He then prohibits, under punishment of death, any burial of Polynices as a punishment for his treason. The city is aware this law is an assault on their religious laws, but ultimately, they submit to Creons law and are convinced that no one would sacrifice their own life to violate it.In the first scene, Antigone asks her sister, Ismene, to help her bury her brother Polynices. When she sees that Ismene does not have her convictions, Antigone argues that her family has suffered enough. She explains that her father, died in hatred for his actions killing his father and marrying his mother. Then his mother hung herself and their brothers killed each other in war. Ismene can only see the authority of the King and refuses to help Antigone. Antigone challenges Ismene to be a true sister instead of a traditional female who obeys male guardians, especially the king. (Moral and Civil Disobedience. PowerPoint). Antigones purpose is to inject morality into the conflict. Rejected by her sister, Antigone acts with her conscience and buries her brother. She felt it was morally wrong to leave her brother without a proper burial. The rituals did not change the outcome of the battle or dishonor the City. Thus, Antigones rituals with Polynices body in no way harmed anyone. She accepts the consequences of defying the king and the risk to her life. Antigone followed natural law over political law.Creon believes his rules must be obeyed, even if those rules are against the gods he is the almighty ruler and his rule over every man transcends natural law. Creon is arrogant and his power and excessive pride does not allow him to see beyond his own political will. He described his power to his son,you ought to feel within your heart, subordinate to your fathers will in every way. (Fagles, 202). Creon was fully aware of the natural law and custom of burial when he issued his order. He believed he was justified when he determined that Polynices should not be buried , as an appropriate punishment. He does not consider the moral consequences of his decision because he believes his authority is unquestioned among men. Creon believed disobeying his orders carried grave consequences. This belief combined with his excessive pride and paranoia led him to view and act at the extremes. Whomever the gods placed on the throne should be obeyed, no matter how small the matter. He judges as a male chauvinist, imploring his followers to never lose your sense of judgment over a woman (Fagles, 203).never let some woman triumph over us. Better to fall from power, if fall we must, in the hands of a man never be rated inferior to a woman, never. (Fagles, 205-206). When Creon finds out Antigone has disobeyed her, he orders her death. No mortal, especially a woman, has the power to disobey him. While her actions were to follow natural law, Antigones decision to contradict political law conforms to the idea of civil disobedience. To further the basic definition of Civil Disobedience: The main elements of Civil Disobedience include a non-violent protest of unjust actions or laws. (Jones, lecture Antigone). In the play, Antigone followed her personal beliefs to defy state authority because she believed she was following a higher authority. She was not protesting the law to challenge Creons law, she was performing her moral obligation to a higher authority. She accepted the consequences because she believed no mortal had the power to contradict divine laws. Thebes response to her actions is the same goal of any civil disobedience: to question the justness of the law. The tragedy was that Creon could punish her with death, but that he was still powerless to overcome natural law and custom. Antigone takes a position against the political rules and against the state, positioning t he natural law of burial for everyone versus the political law of burying everyone but Polynices. Thebes sides with Creons law, not because they believe, but out of fear of death. Antigones actions lead the city to question that fear with their beliefs.Creon is confronted by his human failure to appreciate divine authority. After Creon sentences Antigone to death, blind prophet confronts him and foreshadows the folly of his acts. Creon realizes his mistake but is too late to save Antigone or his son. This is the triumph of natural law over his political decree. Pious Antigone loses her life but wins a moral victory against Creon. Creon tragically loses his son, his wife and his moral authority in the process. Creons political strength is undermined by his second-guessing, lack of leadership, and ultimately his failure to act. In traditional Greek Society during the Classical Age, women are shown to be submissive in political life. Sophocles Antigone takes on what were traditional male characteristics of strength, leadership and conviction under moral authority. This portrayal was unique during this period of history. Antigone is a strong woman who went beyond death by a tyrant to do what her heart dictated, that is, follow the ethical and moral laws that go beyond human beings. Because she never gave in, she remains true to her beliefs actively chooses to act in a way that guarantees her death.

George Orwell 1984 Reader Response - 1043 Words

Reader Response Analysis In the book 1984 written by George Orwell, the author wanted the readers to understand the message he has created. The message that he has conveyed throughout the book was that the Party took away many of the individual’s rights and freedoms. Orwell has shown specific examples of how the peoples’ rights are taken away throughout the text. Some of these examples include the people do not have their own privacy in the homes, control over their own thoughts, as well as control over emotions. Orwell may have given these examples for the readers to be able to relate to the government today. Today the government uses security cameras as well as they have ability to check phone records. In 1984, George Orwell has created†¦show more content†¦Julia, the girl Winston likes, is then brought into this scene. They look around the apartment and notice that there are no telescreens in this room. He finds it remarkable, this could be a place to go to get away from the telescreens (Orwell 99). From my perspective, the author did this to show that Winston was willing to go to such extreme measures to get away from the Party. Purchasing the journal and coral was dangerous enough if caught by the Party, yet he still considered the upstairs apartment. Since Winston grew up in the Party all he knew was what life was like in it. He tried to get away from the Party, by living in this apartment to see what life was like without your every move being watched. In my opinion, Orwell may have included Julia in this scene’s description so that the readers will understand how he felt towards her. This then reflected on his decisions he made later in the book. Winston and Julia look at the apartment together because relationships are forbidden within the Party. Next the author chose to explain how the government can take control over peoples’ thoughts. Since they always watched everyone, the Party can have an opinion on what they think of your thoughts and actions. If they do not like what you decide they can punish you. For example, in 1984, Winston starts to fall in love with a girl named Julia. Although in the Party relationships are strictly for having children. In the Party you are not supposed toShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell 1984 Reader Response722 Words   |  3 PagesTextual Analysis Rough Draft using Reader-Response The novel, 1984 by George Orwell, is a complex novel evoking many thoughts and emotions as a reader along with showing that the author was effective in conveying his message to the audience. In the first section of the novel, Orwell introduces a society that seems to be quite unusual to many readers completely in the norm for the characters in this novel. The individuals of this society or also know as party, live a life a strict rules and a protagonistRead MoreGovernment Surveillance And Totalitarianism In George Orwells 19841593 Words   |  7 PagesThe Correlation of Government Surveillance and Totalitarianism in 1984 During the production of 1984, author George Orwell never envisioned a tangible reality housing the society he constructed. He wrote the novel as a warning, a cautious exposà © showing those what could happen if society lost its sense of humanity; housed in a painfully relevant satire of totalitarian barbarism. In his novel 1984, George Orwell addresses the issue of government surveillance through his strategic use of point of viewRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1045 Words   |  5 Pages 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, United Kingdom. (Woodstock) At the age of six, Orwell was sent to school at a small AnglicanRead More1984 Reader Response Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesReader Response: 1984 The novel 1984 made me paranoid and suspicious of the governments power and intentions. I became aware of the potential manipulation of which the government could impose upon us. The very thing which I depend on for security and protection may be a conniving entity which feeds off of it’s own power and corruption. As I flourished in my naivety, I was unaware that the people I trusted, whom I believed to be wholly dedicated to our well-being as a society, could betrayRead MoreOrwell s Novel, 1984, By George Orwell1235 Words   |  5 Pageswhich they warn the reader, whether it be subtle or blatant. Some authors don’t sugarcoat anything at all and will express how they feel in the darkest ways. When they predict what will happen further in the future and have a very keen idea of what the government will be like is what catches everyone’s eye. They write about these things in order to foreworn what it looks like will happen considering the state at which they l ived in during their time. During the peak of George Orwell’s career wasRead MoreEnglish Year 11 Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pagespeople† Is this true of the texts you have studied? In your response you should relate to your prescribed text (1984) and ONE related text. Power can be defined as many types ranging from physical, psychological, love, status or government. With power comes great responsibility. If power is not controlled, negative consequences could be developed. This is noticeable through the 2 texts that have been analysed, George Orwell 1984 and Disney Pixar Film WALL E. In both these texts, countless typesRead MoreAnalysis Of Annabel s Annabel 1696 Words   |  7 Pagesand their son, Wayne, is faced with the question of his identity. With the pressure to be masculine from his father and his mother’s whispers of being named Annabel, Wayne is conflicted with what it means to be intersex. Stacey’s review gives the readers a well-described insight into the overall story and she pays a great deal of attention to the roles of genders in Kathleen Winter’s novel. She describes the relationship between gender in the novel as stereotypical and outdated and serves the purposeRead MoreBig Brother Is Watching You1106 Words   |  5 Pages AP US Government Mrs. Bradshaw 25 August 2014 Big Brother is Watching You 1984 is a novel that takes place in a Totalitarian dystopia named Oceania. The story follows a member of this futuristic society named Winston Smith, who is strongly opposed to the omniscient and oppressive â€Å"Big Brother† who runs the country. Winston works for the government in a division called the Ministry of Truth. He is responsible for altering history in the government’s favor. The government attempts to control theRead MoreThe Dangers of a Conscious Mind 1984 by George Orwell Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesare hungry for power, and desire to be in a position that is exceedingly high above the rest. This is the general ideology of the Party, the supreme and ruling government in the legendary narrative 1984, written by George Orwell. 1984 is a dystopian, science fiction novel that is set during the year 1984 in the superstate of Oceania. In a malevolent world of continuous warfare, relentless government scrutiny, and constant human manipulation, the story revo lves around a man named Winston Smith, a citizenRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Galvanized As Much Attention On The Future Of Humanity1218 Words   |  5 PagesFew books have galvanized as much attention on the future of humanity as George Orwell s 1984. In 1984, Orwell presents a bleak, brutally efficient apparatus that owes its existence to the unceasing oppression of the masses. Against this force, Winston Smith and his lover Julia are deviants desiring pleasure and free thought. This relationship between Julia and Winston is particularly vital to the novel s success. Specifically, Julia is the crucial piece in the novel. Julia presents a contrast

Architectural Expression Of Power And Identity †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Architectural Expression Of Power And Identity. Answer: Architectural Expression of Power and Identity in Two Case Studies The theme of architectural expression of power and identity will be compared and contrasted in two case studies Melbourne Exhibition Building Reed Barnes and Altes Museum Berlin, Fredrich Shinkel[1]. Architecture as a symbol of power Architecture can be used to meet basic desires of activities done by human beings but can also portray certain meanings which users are unable to interpret. It can therefore be used as a symbol of power when it communicates a political message. Many state leaders built monumental buildings and urban spaces that created symbols of power. Architecture cannot be separated from the effect of a current power system in a country. It has played roles in nationalism, as certain buildings become a symbol of a nation. Architectural identities separate one country from another. The Melbourne Exhibition Building was constructed by Reed and Barnes in 1880. It is divided into the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens[2]. The entire block of the building has remained intact since it was designated by the Victorian Parliament in 1878. The Carlton Gardens has been a symbol of power especially for the aborigines as the Aborigines Advancement League mainly met and gathered here. Since the 1900s to 1968, the place was an important place of gathering for Aboriginal people. Pastor Doug Nicholls has also been greatly associated with the Carlton Gardens as he used to preach there. This is also a symbol of the power that the church has as it enabled the people to maintain a spiritual life when they went to listen to the teachings and to pray. The Melbourne exhibition is also a symbol of the power of the state. The state parliament was located here between 1901 and 1927 until the provisional parliament house was opened. This was also a venue for the grand opening of the Australian Parliament. The Commonwealth of Australias first Parliament was first commissioned here[3]. In contrast, the Altes Museum in Berlin is also considered as a power symbol. The museum is highly regarded as an important place. It is referred to as a museum of architectural history. Just like the Melbourne exhibition, the Altes Museum is also considered to be a symbol of power in terms of helping people with their spirituality. This is because it is compared to pilgrimage in antiquity and is a flashback of the temples found in ancient Greece. There is also a temple for the arts, which holds sacred works and is open to the public. The Altes Museum is also a symbol of political powers. The museum gives a history of the political history of the country and stands as a symbol of different powers, which have ruled over the years. It is a pillar of the nation and a symbol of national power[4]. Architecture as a symbol of Identity The main role of culture is to give a picture of a peoples mental ideas by introducing the concrete forms and symbolizing the identity of a nation. Architecture plays an important role in this process, as it is the true measure of a peoples culture. Buildings in any nation are a symbol of architectural culture. Culture influences formation of an architectural space by creating laws that lead to functional organization and spatial hierarchy[5]. They also create different memories and beliefs in form of symbols and different objects that are used to create the architectural space. The Melbourne exhibition building symbolizes the identity of the Australian people. This is due to the style used and different aspects of the building, which the Australians can relate with. The Melbourne exhibition has led to building of community life, shaping the cultural life and creating popular culture among Australians[6]. The Altes Museum in Berlin is also a symbol of identity. The museum has different artifacts, which are displayed, dating back to pre-historic times[7]. The people identify with the museum, as they are able to know a history of their towns and how their ancestors used to live. This enables them to understand where they have come from and why they may portray certain behaviors. It is therefore an important symbol of identity as the people are able to discover their heritage once they visit the museum[8]. As seen in the two case studies, architecture is a symbol of power and identity in different places around the world. Certain types of architecture are associated with certain cultures or countries. There should therefore be keenness as the type of architecture portrays the nation and their culture. Bibliography Donovan, Elizabeth. "The role of culture in contemporary theories of sustainable architecture." (2015). Holt, Jared A. "Social and cultural identity in and through architecture." PhD diss., 2014. Investigations of the Royal Exhibition Buildings Western Forecourt, Melbourne."International Journal of Historical Archaeology(2017): 1-24. Lawrence, Susan, and Peter Davies. "Melbourne: The Archaeology of a World City."International Journal of Historical Archaeology(2017): 1-14. Mackowsky, Hans.Karl Friedrich Schinkel: Letters, diaries, thoughts.BoD-Books on Demand, 2015. Major, Janine, Charlotte Smith, and Richard Mackay. "Reconstructing Landscape: Archaeological Paul, Carole. "Authenticity on Display."Journal of Art Historiography11 (2014): 1. Vale, Lawrence.Architecture, power and national identity. Routledge, 2014. Whelan, Yvonne.Heritage, memory and the politics of identity: New perspectives on the cultural landscape. Routledge, 2016.

The Secrets of Management Acquiring the Necessary Information

Information verification is a crucial step in understanding whether the applicant is suitable for working in a company. As York explains, applicants tend to lie about their experience in order to make an impression on the HRM specialist: â€Å"Claims made by applicants may be true, exaggerated, or entirely fictional† (York 37).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Secrets of Management: Acquiring the Necessary Information specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is no need to stress the fact that companies in which a particular applicant used to work are usually very reluctant to provide the company that the person in question applies to in order to obtain a position out of fear for being sued: â€Å"employers are often reluctant to share † (York 37). The answer to the question regarding the means to retrieve the required information from the companies is, in fact, relatively simple. Accordi ng to what York says, it is possible to use the existing labor law statements, according to which, it is unlawful to withhold the negative information on employees, since such tactics is rendered as professional negligence (York 37). The given strategy has several problems, though. On the one hand, because of its efficacy, it seems the most trustworthy means of acquiring verified information. On the other hand, using scare techniques in order to retrieve information hardly fits the basic principles of corporate ethics and morality. Thus, the choice that a company will make hinges on the firm’s code of ethics. It should be kept in mind, though, that the candidate’s statement regarding experience and skills can be tested after completing a specific professional quiz. Who should respond to reference inquiries about former employees? What skills, training, or experience should they have? There is no secret that employees are far from being one hundred percent safe from inj uries in the workplace, especially when it comes to considering the jobs involving labor (e.g., equipment installation, maintenance works, etc.) Therefore, a company is held accountable for employees’ possible injuries. Defining the people responsible for accidents in the workplace will help tackle the possible issues aster. As York explains, employers are considered legally responsible for the injuries that may occur to the employees in the course of the production process: â€Å"Employers have a duty to protect their employees, customers, clients, and visitors from injury caused by employees that the employer knows† (York 37).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, as the definition shows, there is a very thin line between the general threat that an employee may be exposed to and the threat that is recognized as such by the employer and stated in the contract. According to York, the failure to warn the future employer about the injuries that were caused by the candidate in question may be fraught with deplorable consequences for the staff. Although York does not state explicitly what qualities the person reporting on the related injuries and accidents should have, he implies that the employer in question must be competent about the subject in question. While the people providing the referral are defined as â€Å"employers† by the author, the latter stresses that they must be aware of the key issues about the candidate’s record in order to decide whether (s)he is suitable for the job. Works Cited York, Kenneth M. Applied Human Resource Management: Strategic Issues and Experiential Exercises. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2010. Print. This critical writing on The Secrets of Management: Acquiring the Necessary Information was written and submitted by user Aaden L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.